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ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
ABSOLUTISM: FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV
17th century
The main proponents of absolutism were Jacques Bossuet and Thomas Hobbes
Bossuet believed that kings had a divine right to power
the king held absolute power over everybody else
Hobbes believed that absolutism was the result of a social pact between subjects and a monarchy, in order to guarantee peace and stability
the authoritarian monarchies of some kingdoms developed into absolute monarchies
Absolute Monarchies
a permanent army of professional soldiers, under the orders of the king
a royal treausy able to raise revenue
growing centralisation of political and administrative decisions in the royal courts and the monarchy’s governmental bodies
marginalisation of the courts and prliaments of the states of the realm
an ideology defending the king's supremacy over all others
courts and parliaments of kingdoms
political communities
were sometimes resistant to the absolutist tendencies of the monarchs
This rivalry sometimes resulted in submitting to a pact
led to confrontations
When a dispute ended favourably for the monarchy, it was considered a victory for absolutism
most representative
Louis XIV of France
THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN ENGLAND
French system
were other territories where the monarch’s power was controlled by courts and parliaments
the case of
The Dutch Republic
England
this control was to protect against the absolutist pretensions of the monarchy
establish an absolute monarchy, causing the English Civil War (1642–1651)
the Stuart dynasty tried to disassociate itself from Parliament
Venice
After the victory of the Parliamentarian army
led by Oliver Cromwell
a republic was declared under Cromwell’s dictatorial
Charles I was executed
Cromwell died
the House of Stuart returned to the throne
James II became king
tried to impose absolutism
new confrontation with the Parliament
Glorious Revolution (1688)
James II was overthrown
her husband
William III of Orange (head of the Dutch Republic)
the Parliament chose Mary II (the overthrown king’s daughter)
as the new monarchs
were selected on the condition that they would sign the Bill of Rights (1689)
limited the monarch’s power and recognised the rights of the individual
This led to the establishment of a constitutional or parliamentary monarchy because the monarchs had been selected by Parliament and had accepted the Bill of Rights
ENGLISH CONTITUNIONAL MONARCHY
Parliament
approved new taxes
controlled goverment duties
approved laws
submitted complains to the monarchs
controlled the monarch
Monarch
appointed the goverment
submitted laws for approval
called Parliament into session
directed foreign policy
was head of state
controlled the church of England
EUROPE AT THE END OF THE 17TH CENTURY
