Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Candid Camera - Elevator Etiquette, Philip Zimbardo - The Stanford Prison…
Candid Camera - Elevator Etiquette
Aim and Hypothesis
To understand what proper etiquette looks like in an elevator when multiple people are present. Will people copy one another to conform to this "etiquette"?
If a large group performs an action out of the ordinary, an individual will do the same in order to conform.
Experiment Method and Design
Naturalistic observation
Public mall elevator
IV - number of people in the group DV - level of conformity
Results
During baseline testing, no one stood backward
The youngest conform most often (more than 40 percent of the time) while the oldest are least likely to conform (between 14 and 24 percent)
Men are more likely to conform fully while women demonstrated higher levels of partial conformity
Study participants were also more likely to conform if there were a larger number of people facing backward
Sample
Opportunity sample
No definite number of people, all adults
Procedure
FInd two elevators to use in the experiment
Plan how many times we will be conducting this experiment. We will be performing the experiment 12 different times. 6 times in each building, 3 times as a group and 3 times individually.
Wait until people walk in. And see if they conform to our way of standing or if the follow the basic social norm (face the right way).
Philip Zimbardo - The Stanford Prison Experiment
Aim and Hypothesis
"To find out whether the brutality reported among guards in American prisons was due to the sadistic personalities of the guards or had more to do with the prison environment."
Experiment Method and Design
Procedures
Zimbardo created a model prison in the psychology building's basement at Stanford University.
The volunteers were given a test and eliminated if they had any conflicting variables to the experiment.
24 males who were deemed to be the most mature, physically and psychologically stable, and least engaged in antisocial conduct were selected to participate.
Volunteers were chosen to be either prisoner or guard.
They were observed in the environment simulating the roles of prisoners/guards.
Results
The "prisoners" and "guards" were simulated in a fake prison and observed to see how they correlate to each other.
Prisoners began to demonstrate prisoner behavior, some sided with the guards and told on fellow prisoners.
Guards began to harass prisoners within a few hours into the experiment. Guards also practiced control over prisoners when they counted them.
Sample
Prisoners were administered physical punishments, began riots, and sometimes followed the rules to a T to please the guards.
People adapt to social rules easily and quickly
Charles Sheridan and Richard King - Shock the Puppy
Aim and Hypothesis
"To Determine whether the killings and atrocities committed by Germans during WWII were attributed to obedience to authority figures & To see exactly how far people would go when ordered by an authority figure to cause physical pain to another."
Experiment Method and Design
Procedures
Volunteer tests the learner or puppy
Learner either gets the answer right or wrong
Volunteer shocks if question is wrong
Voltage increases per shock
Results
The volunteers would be the ‘teachers’, and they would be testing a real victim (a puppy) who they would shock if the puppy didn't comply.
"A lot of us would be capable of killing someone under the obedience of authority"
"Of the 40 voluntary teachers, 26 of them delivered the maximum shock of 450 volts"
Sample: Both the Puppy and the Volunteer would display signs of stress when the puppy failed the given task and was given a shock but the majority of volunteers continued to administer the shock.
Albert Bandura - Bobo Doll Experiment
Aim and Hypothesis
To understand if watching violence on TV cause children to behave more aggressively?
It can shape a child's image of reality. This means that violence on television can lead to children perceiving the world as more violent than it is.
It would lead to aggressive behavior
It glamorizes violence, weakens restraints against aggression, and desensitizes children from cruelty.
Experiment Method and Design
Between-subject design
IV - video shown to the children DV - level of aggression towards toys
Results
Aggressive behavior often stems from watching violence on television
In addition to just observing acts of violence, children are also influenced by how violent behavior is received by others.
If a violent act is praised or rewarded, it will influence children to act similarly
If violence on TV is punished, it will influence the children less than if it was rewarded.
Similarly, if a child observes an influential model that they admire and looks up to, they are more likely to show similar behavior.
Sample
24 school-aged children
Procedure
Get the sample, 24 children, and divide them into three groups
Expose one group to violent behavior on television, one group to peaceful behavior on television, and nothing to the third group
Take each child to a room separately and observe their behavior with the toys they were given
Muzafer Sherif - The Autokinetic Effect
Aim and Hypothesis
To understand if people would conform to the group when the answer is ambiguous.
He hypothesized that an experience completely "in people's heads" might be influenced by suggestion
Experiment Method and Design
Lab experiment
College class
IV - number/type of people in the group DV - estimate of light movement
Results
Sherif’s results highlighted the way that different groups converged towards their respective estimates, which occurred naturally without any discussion or prompts
Sherif concluded the participants had adopted their respective groups’ way of thinking
Sample
No definite number of people, college students
Procedure
Participants were placed in a dark room, where they would stare at a dot of light
Participants were asked to estimate the amount the light moved. They shared their estimates out loud.
Put the individuals into a room with other participants for new estimates
After being in a dark room with a spot light individually and then with a group Sherif would put the individual back into seclusion again. He would then ask the participant to make estimates of the lights movement