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06 SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION -…
06 SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION
THE REGENERATIONIST RESTORATION
In 1902
Alfonso XIII came of age when he was 16 years old
start of the second phase of the Restoration
politicians tried to reform the regime
aimed to encourage political, economic and cultural life in Spain
to adapt to European ways of life
War in Morocco
colonial problem difficult to control
Spain’s defeat at the Battle of Annual (1921)
caused by an attack led by Riffian leader Abd-el-Krim
many human and material losses
affected the Spanish people deeply
THE PRIMO DE RIVERA DICTATORSHIP
in 1923
dictatorship under General Primo de Rivera
authoritarian response to the political demands of
workers
intellectuals
political freedoms and rights were suspended
society was reorganised
based on the corporatist model imposed in Italy by Mussolini
he took power by
military coup d’état
when he got power he
suspended the Constitution
dissolved Parliament
banned political parties and trade unions
he promised to
restore public order
end the war in Morocco
combat corruption
he was appointed prime minister by the king
two types of government
The military directorate (1923–1925)
The dictator was advised by the military
Primo de Rivera achieved military domination in the Morocco
with the help of the French
The civil directorate (1925–1930)
in order to prevent class conflict between workers and business owners
Parliament was replaced by a National Consultative Assembly
the Patriotic Union was imposed in 1924
incorporating all social classes
it was the political foundation of his dictatorship
It did not solve Spain’s economic, social and political problems
huge debts
crisis of 1929
in 1928
Republican opposition
Left-wing parties
trade unions
intellectuals
they unified their demands in the Pact of San Sebastián (1930)
Primo de Rivera began to lose support
forced to resign in January 1930
the monarchy tried to restore the political regime of the Restoration
Alfonso XIII appointed
Admiral Aznar
General Berenguer
to govern
both failed
Municipal elections were called in April 1931
The opposition in large cities was victorious ->
abdication of Alfonso XIII->
proclamation of the Second Republic
1 more item...
Miguel Primo de Rivera(1870–1930)
all the executive power
made all government decisions with Alfonso XIII
