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Boxer Rebellion - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Battle against the Boxers in 1899 at the Senluo temple
      - Pro Boxer edict 1900 16th June
      - Fled
    - - South Eastern Mutual defense pact 1900 refused to send troops to Cixi
      - Yuan Shikai refused to send troops to Cixi after the pro-boxer edict, and in fact actively pushed the Boxers south out of Shandong towards Beijing.
      - Contained over 100 different ethnic groups, Kansu Braves, Red Lanters etc.
      - In fighting- Manchu General Ronglu blocked artillery beingf sent to Dong Fuxiang who was organising artillery to attack the legations, and employed Gansu warriors who fought against the boxers during the siege of th elegations.
      - Ronglu also saved some of the railway which enabled suppoort to make it's way toBeijing.
    - - Thought that they were immune to bullets
      - human wave
      - Seymour expedition Hsiku Armoury unmanned - leading to over £3 million worth of munitions destroyed.
      - Allowed the July `Truce on the 14 July, which enabled foreigners to inspect the damage to the ;legations, make contact with tianjin and replenish food.
      - Armed with spears and swords rather than weapons
      - Whilst the New Army had weapons, they didn't know hw tio use them.
  - - - Due to troops being stationed in India and the availability of reinforcement, after the Seymour expedition the British had ease of access to seasoned troops. Indian Sepoys played crucial role in the battle of Dagu forts.
      - 12 guns from India.
    - - Battle of Tianjin Betsy machine guns mowed down the boxers
      - Battle of Peitsagn use of a pontoon bridge to condolisate positions.
  - - - Tianjin used as military base.
      - hugely bloody, war crimes committed
      - Mowitzer machine guns
    - - Led to siege of the legations quarter, and the death of Von Kettler.
      - 21 June Cixi declares war against all foreign powers.
- - - - Positive
        
        1903 commission for reorganisation of the army
        
        35 new training schools
        
        gentry recruitment as officers
        
        175,000 out of 600,000 had modern weapons and training received in japan.
      - Negative
    - - Positive
        
        Foot binding abolished
        
        intermarriage law abolished in the Decree of 1902.
        
        141,000 women in education
        
        1.56 million students in 1909 compared to 92,000 in 1904.
        
        Play called 'woman can be patriots'
      - Negative
        
        Only 141,000 girls taught on how to be a virtous woman
        
        no foreign languages taught.
        
        48% of teachers were traditional degree holders who did not know anything about the new education
    - - Positive
        
        DaQing Bank set up in 1906
        
        Ministry of finance set up in 1909, first budget in 1911
        
        Reclamation righs from the foreign powers after the ministry of commerce waas set uo in 1903, takin gback the Hong railway in Southern Guangdong
        
        From 1902-1908 the countries revenue doubled.
      - Negative
        
        Qing expenditures were 25% greatr than income from 1900-1910
        
        Only 600 companies had heavy machinery by 1908.
        
        fifteen strikes in 1904, 24 in 1909.
    - - Positive
        
        1909 National Assembly created as a form of parliament
        
        Ministry of foreign affairs, Education, Justice and Industry set up in 1903.
        
        1905 penalties such as slow slicing, public beheadings and penalty of tattoiing were abolished.
      - Negative
        
        Students prohibited to discuss political matters, publishing newspapers and journals banned.
        
        Cixi's clan cabinet had 8 manchu, five of whom were her own family
        
        State had promised voting rights, but Cixi refused to instigate national assembly with the rigyt to pass laws, despite local officials marching to Beijing 3 times to request this from her in 1908.
  - - - Complete sphere of influence
      - Kettler memorial made in Beijing
      - Could decide who was in charge in Shandong
    - - Qing expenditure was 25% greater than income from 1890-1910
      - Had to set up the DaQing bank to deal with the finances.
    - - Dagu forts destroyed
      - Unable to have a standing army
      - Arms imports banned
    - - French in Indo-China
      - Germans claimed Shandong
      - British in
- - - - Troops in Shandong went from 50,000 in 1890, to 30,000 in 1895, to 15,000 in 1898
  - - - Disruption of Feng Shui- harvests because of churches, feng shui of railways
      - Juye Incident where 2 priests were killed- Germans forced Chinese to sack Lei Beheng
      - Tianjin massacre 1872- 60 dead
      - French established a religious protectorate over all christians and all christian converts.
      - Missionaries extorted huge sums from the local populations, reaching 104,000 taels by 1899.
      - 272 new missionary centres had been set up in the 20 years before 1900.
    - - Yellow peril in 1895
      - March 1898 sphere of influence decalred over Shandong, constructing two railways from Jiaozhou to capital of Jinan
      - SEG shandong railway buiult in 1899.
      - German troops desecrrated a Confucian temple at Jimo in 1898, 30km north of Jiaozhou