Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

(P) Cold Stress - Coggle Diagram

- - - - e.g. unsaturated FAs
        
        Oleic acid
        
        18:1
        
        Linoleic acid
        
        18:2
        
        Linolenic acid
        
        18:3
  - - - limiting physical damage (damage control)
        
        but! causing osmotic stress
        
        can deal with by producing osmolytes
  - - - other osmolytes, such as proline, accumulate later (2nd response)
    - - lowering freezing point
        
        ‘super cooling’
        
        capacity of cell liquids to cool below 0 °C without instant freezing
      - protection of membranes
      - prevention plasmolysis
  - - - . dual role
        
        structural adjustments (compared to pathogen-induced isoforms) that protect cells against freezing stress
        
        form
        
        oligomeric complexes, that interact with ice, preventing crystal growth and recrystallization
  - - - but!! often
        
        have an ABA-independent DRE (dehydration responsive element/C-repeat CRT) in their promoter
        
        transcriptional activators
        
        CBF (C-repeat binding factor) TFs / DREBP (DRE-binding protein) TFs
        
        cascade of gene expression (-> eventually for example P5CS/antifreeze proteins)
        
        Active growth inhibition
        
        by DELLA proteins
        
        (+ sucrose accumulation)
        
        DELLA stabilization
- - - - osmosis of water from cells to extracellular space
        
        dehydration :cry:
  - - - depends!
        
        on freezing rate, temperature, and location
  - - - liquid-crystalline to ‘gel’-phase
    - - interactions PM with organelle membranes (detrimental!!)
      - vesiculation if not acclimated!
    - - oxidative stress