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05 FASCISM, Garazi García Antruejo, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - the creation of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party
        
        known as the Nazi Party
        
        leader Adolf Hitler
        
        racist and nationalist totalitarian principles
        
        Superiority of the Aryan race
        
        Nazi propaganda claimed that the Aryan race was destined to dominate the world
        
        murder of disabled people
        
        to preserve the purity of the Aryan race
        
        Anti-Semitism
        
        Jews were considered enemies of the Aryans and had to be exterminated
        
        Anti-communism
        
        Nazism considered communism and Marxism a Jewish ideology that was an enemy of the German people
        
        living space
        
        an empire that would guarantee resources and territory for the Aryan population
        
        the east of Europe, inhabited by Slavs who were considered an inferior race
        
        Revanchism
        
        against France and rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
  - - - a failed attempt
        
        Hitler was tried and imprisoned
  - - - Germany depended on US credit
  - - - Nazism began to dismantle the democratic system
        
        imposed a dictatorship
  - - - the Third Reich
        
        became the president, chancellor, and commander of the army
        
        carried out an intense industrial policy of rearmament and public works
  - - - He ordered the occupation of neighbouring territories with Germany
        
        Austria and Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland
      - ordered military intervention in Spain and claimed many other places throughout Europe
  - - - June 1934
        
        the SS, an elite Nazi corps
        
        carried out an attack against the SA
        
        Most of the SA leaders were assassinated
        
        (a Nazi paramilitary organisation that fought for power within the National Socialist Movement)
- - - - the country was given lack of attention by the Treaties of Paris in 1919
      - feeling of humiliation due to the scant compensation awarded after the war
    - - intense social response
      - biennio rosso (two red years)
        
        between 1919 and 1920
        
        socialists and anarchists created workers’ councils inspired by the Soviets
    - - no party won the majority
    - - advocated anti-intellectualism and legitimised the use of violence
  - - - fascist movement developed attacks against workers throughout the country
        
        supported by the wealthy classes and conservatives
  - - - paramilitary militias of the fascist movement
        
        undertook the March on Rome
    - - Mussolini dismantled democratic institutions to exercise increasing ideological, political and social control
  - - - the Parliament was dissolved and a fascist dictatorship was installed
        
        political repression began
  - - - The response of the fascist state
        
        a policy of public works
        
        the beginning of imperialist expansion in Abyssinia
- - - - After, the Nazis began a campaign of propaganda and accusation against Jews
        
        German people view them as enemies
  - - - the start of growing harassment against them
- - - - features in common
        
        Totalitarianism
        
        People had no rights outside of the interests of the state, the single party and its official ideology
        
        Radical nationalism
        
        one of the pillars
        
        the nation itself was superior to all others
        
        the national community was more important than leftist or rightist politics
        
        Racism and xenophobia
        
        a belief in the division of humanity into superior and inferior races
        
        superiority of the national culture over others
        
        Anti-communism, anti-liberalism and anti-feminism
        
        Rejected foreign ideas
        
        the class struggle by stating that the nation would overcome social conflicts
        
        the rights of the individual
        
        women’s rights
        
        Imperialism and militarism
        
        belief in the superiority of the nation itself
        
        the cult of war justified militaristic expansionism
        
        Corporate state
        
        society had to be organised in associations or corporations such as jobs, family, etc
        
        State-led capitalist economy
        
        preserved private property and capitalist labour and production
        
        autarky, a self-sufficient country
        
        Belligerence against international institutions
        
        Fascist regimes acted against peaceful, open and balanced diplomatic relations
        
        Against League of Nations
        
        Irrationalism
        
        Violence, war, anti-intellectualism and strength were worshipped
        
        The ‘weak’ were treated with contempt
        
        Fascism twisted Darwin’s theories of the natural selection of species
        
        Social equality was only used to preserve the ‘weak’ at the expense of the rest
        
        the ‘weak’ had to die