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TOPIC 12: The concept of grammar. Reflections on language and language…

- - - - Chomsky = Competence (knowledge of grammar rules) and Performance (the use of language in specific situations).
        
        Dell Hymes (1972) = Communicative competence.
        
        Canale and Swain = four dimension of the communicative competence (Grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, strategic).
    - - Grammar teaching should involve communicative activities and some sort of controlled practice.
        
        Grammar teaching should be contextualised (meaningful and real context activities).
        
        Grammar teaching has to focus on meaning, be true and account for exceptions without losing simplicity.
    - - An approach rather than a method.
        
        Main goal = ability to communicate in the target language.
        
        Favoured by the current legal framework at the moment.
        
        Focuses on meaning, not on form.
        
        Motivation is important.
        
        Language is built by trial and error.
        
        Communication involves the integration of different skills.
        
        Language must be fluent and acceptable but accuracy is judged in context.
        
        Attempts to communicate are encouraged from the very beginning.
        
        Athentic and meaningful communication should be the goal of classroom activities.