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What makes an organism respire faster? - Coggle Diagram
What makes an organism respire faster?
organism
fungus
yeast
produces ethanol as an end product during fermentation. the concentration of ethanol could be varied to observe the impact of end product inhibition on yeast.
mushrooms
molds
plants
does nutrient availability to plants affects the rate of respiration
animals
insects
worms
how does organic matter availability affect the respiration rate of worms?
fruit flies
protists
some algae
Certain algae species produce acetate as an end product of respiration. Acetate concentration can be modified to explore its inhibitory influence on cellular respiration.
slime molds
bacteria
factors affecting respiration
pH- enzymes that catalyse the respiration reaction are pH sensitive. Any pH outside an enzymes optimum often leads to the enzyme denaturing rendering it unable to catalyse the reaction.
energy- cellular respiration requires an input of energy often in the form of chemical bonds or light.
light
heat
kinetic?
nutrients - Heterotrophs cannot produce their own food within their body like autotrophs. because of this they require to eat as to obtain sufficient nutrients to power metabolic pathways like respiration Ex. glucose
concentration- the availability of molecules like the substrate molecules, product molecules, enzymes etc affect the rate of respiration. presence of other molecules not necessarily related to the reaction can also have an affect.
O2- required for aerobic reactions
during strenuous exercise the body does not intake enough O2 resulting in anaerobic respiration within the cells and the production of lactic acid.
substrate- needed for reaction to occur Ex. CO2, H20, glucose
product- can bind to allosteric site on enzyme resulting in end product inhibition. Ex. ethanol
other substances- chemicals in our environment can interfere with cellular metabolism. some chemicals are beneficial while others are harmful.
caffeine
drugs
poisons- act as chemical inhibitors of enzymes
co-enzymes - ensure enzymes complete their jobs and enhance the reaction. Ex. vitamins
enzymes
environment
humidity
climate/temperature
harmful chemicals Ex. herbicides
genetic factors- genes influence an organisms efficiency of burning calories. this is demonstrated between and within species.
respiration rates of different organisms
respiration rates of varying medical conditions
age- research demonstrates the ageing of internal components leads to metabolism slowing in the organism
individuals in different life stages. Ex. sapling vs matured tree
temperature- at temperatures above enzymes optimum temperature they denature and are unable to carry out respiration
how to measure respiration
respiratory rate
breaths per minute
respirometers (manometric or not)
capaciflector
concentration of gasses ex. CO2
gas analysers
CO2 indicators
pH
universal indicator
disolved O2 probe
cellular respiration- metabolic process involving a sequence of chemical reactions that break down glucose to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP contains energy and is used to power multiple reactions throughout an organism.
anaerobic respiration- occurs in the cytosol following glycolysis and occurs without oxygen—results in enough energy release to synthesise 2ATP per glucose molecule.
Lactic acid fermentation- occurs in animals. lactic acid is produced by the cells carrying out the process. muscle cells diffuse the lactic acid into the bloodstream where it is transported to other tissues. chemical equation = C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
alcohol fermentation- present in yeast and some plants. produces alcohol as a waste product and at high enough concentrations will stop fermentation. chemical equation = C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
aerobic respiration- releases energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose when oxygen is available. Produces roughly 30-32 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Chemical equation = C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
photosynthesis- is a process plants and some other organisms use to convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used to power the organism. Chemical equation = 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.