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"To what extent do key supporters, information control, and the use…

- - - - Military chose him over Rifaat (Hafez brother)
    - - Refused Legislation that would weaken Ba3ath
      - Would try to maintain some civilian support as economic liberalization calls for that by releasing some prisoners
      - Prefers economic over politcal reforms
    - - Leaned to Economic Liberalization
      - Rejected Western Democracy
        
        2007 "unanimous decision to vote him to office"
    - - This coincided with international pressure
      - Claimed as international victims
    - - This involved extra economic aid to build more infrastructure to liberalize economy (fear factor from failed revolt will keep bashar in power
  - - - Established One Party State
    - - 71 coup d'êtat
    - - Authoritative
        
        Human Rights Abuses
      - Promote unity in Levant
        
        Loves Anti Israel
        
        Hezbollah
        
        HAMAS
        
        Loves Russia from Cold War
      - Socialist
      - Secular
        
        Not in the sense where gov isnt Alawite, but that Sharia ian't acting in legislation
- - - - Military
        
        Needed for large revolts and international security
      - Tax
        
        Finance collection
      - Law Enforcement
        
        Intranational protection from revolts
      - Natural Resource Harvesting
        
        Finance collection
    - - Infrastructure
      - Healthcare
      - Education
      - International Goals
        
        Climate Change
        
        Space travel
      - Justice (unless it supports regime)
      - Agriculture
      - Bashar retired old key supporters for more loyal younger ones 2005
    - - 2012 bomb went off in cabinet killing key supporter
  - - - Money to civilians = Less to key supporters = Someone can come in and make sure keys get more money and they will abandon
  - - - More money collected from natural resources = Less need to care for civilians
        
        Dictators without sufficient natural resources must provide utility to civilians, which allows for them to be more connected and intelligent, meaning revolt is likelier
      - Oil & Gas Production
        
        Foreign companies or Syria themselves can harvest these resources and civilians are completely taken out the equation
        
        International Trade (while sanctioned) takes civilians out of equation
    - - Russia
      - Iran
      - China
- - - - Military
        
        Sieges
        
        Prevents food and utilities from reaching civilians (starving them out until surrender)
        
        Aerial Bombardment
      - Human Rights Violations
        
        Targetted attacks on different groups
        
        Opposition
        
        Medics
        
        Protesters
      - Fear = Less likely to revolt
        
        PTSD
        
        Physical harm done to revolutionaries
        
        Examples being made to instill fear
- - - - Widespread ban on International media and anti-syrian websites
    - - Victimhood of International Forces
      - Nationalism and Patriotism Appeals
        
        "Allah, Soori wa Bashar"
  - - - Journalists
      - Revolutionaries
        
        Extravagant Indiscriminant action taken against citizens who slightly deviate against regime
      - Activists
      - Anyone who could revolt, had knowledge, connections, etc. against r treated as terrorists
      - Lawyers
      - Academics
    - - March 1962, printed press became frozen and the number of institutions controlled by the Baath party and executive authority increased.
        
        Only Media Directed (OMD) policy. Under the OMD policy, everything is under the control of the General Corporation for the Distribution of Publications. Prevented free expression of magazines:
        
        Al Domarry
        
        Al Nahej
        
        Al Nakked
        
        Media also controlled by Ministry of Information (Key supporter for Assads that maintains power dynamic, not benefiting civilians)
        
        TV and Radio entirely government owned
      - Law of Journalist Union 1990, journalists couldnt publish without being part of the state-regulated union
      - Alternative Media
        
        Prompted by Gov Repression
        
        Expresses thoughts of revolt, freedom
        
        Has appeared as physical media before they lost funding, lack of resources and escalating violence
        
        Publishers
        
        Dawdaa
        
        Almasser Alhor
        
        Enab Baladi
  - - - Historical Revisionism
      - Suppression of opposing voices from teachers/students
        
        Atmosphere of fear to prevent others from fighting against
        
        Discouragement of freedom of expression
        
        Less likelihood to spread ideas and disconnect the people, preventing revolt
    - - Instilling of nationalism and patriotism
        
        Nationalistic events
        
        Rallies
        
        Celebrations
        
        Speeches
        
        Performances