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Endocrine System Pt.4 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System Pt.4
Islets of Langerhans
Located on the pancreas
Hormones secreted are insulin and glucagon
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells
Glucagon promotes conversion of glycogen (animal-based carbohydrate) to glucose
Blood sugar regulation
Over secretion of insulin results in low blood sugar
Under secretion of insulin results in high blood sugar: This can lead to a condition known as diabetes
Diabetes-Type 1 and Diabetes-Type 2
Parathyroid
Function is to control metabolism of calcium: Necessary for normal nerve and muscle function, blood clotting, healthy bones and teeth
Located in back of thyroid gland (in neck)
Hormone released is parathormone
Under secretion of parathormone results in nerve disorders, brittle bones and clotting problems
Adrenal Glands (Kidney Hats)
Located at the top of each kidney
Hormones released are cortisone and adrenaline
Function of cortisone is to regulate carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism: promotes conversion of fats and proteins to glucose
Function of adrenaline is to raise blood sugar levels and increases heartbeat and breathing rates
Pituitary
Pituitary gland is a round organ about the size of a pea (~1 cm in diameter), located behind the bridge of the nose at the base of the brain
Secretes 9 different hormones, which affect many different areas of the body, including
growth, blood pressure, regulation of pregnancy, breast milk production, sex organ functions in both men and women, thyroid gland function, metabolism, water regulation in the body (kidneys), temperature regulation
Pituitary hormones
growth hormone(GH), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone(LH)
Glands
Exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts, or tubes
Liver: Bile released into the gallbladder, then through a duct into the small intestine
Pancreas: releases pancreatic juice into the small intestine via a duct
Endocrine Glands are called ductless glands
Release hormones directly into the bloodstream
Blood transports hormones throughout the body
Each hormone acts on only a certain kind of tissue called its target tissue
Human Endocrine Glands
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas(islets of Langerhans), testes and ovaries
Adrenal
Under secretion of adrenaline results in the inability to deal with stress
Endocrine System Control
2 types of feedback mechanisms
Positive feedback
Negative feedback