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Inflammation - Healing and Repair - Coggle Diagram
Inflammation - Healing and Repair
Definition
Replacement of destroyed or damged tissue by producing new tissue
Tissue types
Labile
Continuously proliferating
Surface epithelium
Bone marrow stem cells
Stable cells
Slow turnover but are capable of rapid proliferation
Hepatocytes
Permenant Cells
No effective regeneration
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Wound Healing Phases
Haemostasis
Goal
: Stop bleeding and establish temporary barrier
Vasoconstriction
Platelet activation and aggregation
Formation of fibrin clot
Inflammatory Phase
Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
Neutrophil infiltration
Clear debris, pathogens, necrotic tissue
Macrophage Activation
Remove debris
Initiate healing
Proliferative Phase
Formation of new tissue
Granulation tissue formation
Tissue composed of :
New blood vessels (angiogenesis)
Fibroblasts
ECM components
Fills wound and provides scaffolding
Epithelialization
Epithelial cells at edge migrate and fill in wound edges
Collagen synthesis
Fibroblasts deposit new collagen
Contracation
Myofibroblasts contract wound reducing it's size
Remodelling
Collagen remodelling
Type III replaced by type I
Scar formation
Vascular regression
Maturation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3B0ApUsYag&ab_channel=MedToday
Healing / Regeneration
Specialised cells prolifertate to completely replace injured cells and the final result is indistinguishable from the normal cell - no residual defect
Occurs in labile / stable cell population
Repair
Replacement of specialised cells by connective tissue scar- leaves residual defect (scar)
Occurs in:
Loss of permanent cells
Loss of large volume of labile cells
Damage to tissue architecture
Healing by Intention
Primary
Fibrin
exudes from cut blood vessels
Macrophages
migrate to area
Phagocytosis of
necrotic
tissue
Granulation
tissue forms
Fibrosis
of destroyed dermis with contraction
Epithelium regenerates
to cover dermal scar
Secondary
Same as Primary except:
More dermal damage to repair
More loss of dermal structure
More wound contraction
Longer process
Bigger scar
Tertiary
Factors Effecting Healing and Repair
Local
Infection
Foreign bodies
Mechanical factors (motion, masses)
Vascular disturbance
Size, location, type of wound
Systemic
Age
Neoplasia
Malnutrition
Immunosuppression
Corticosteroid use