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Acidosis and Alkalosis, anion gap normal range = 10-18mmol/L, Sammer…
Acidosis and Alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
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raised anion gap
lactate
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type A: sepsis, shock, hypoxia, burns
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Metabolic alkalosis
mechanism
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extracellular fluid depletion (vomiting, diuretics) --> Na+ and Cl- loss --> RAAS activated --> raised aldosterone levels
in hypokalaemia, K+ shift from cell --> ECF, alkalosis is caused by shift of H+ into cells to maintain neutrality
vomiting / aspiration
e.g. peptic ulcer leading to pyloric stenos, nasogastric suction
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