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04 STALINISM
Context
Lenin died in 1924
the direction of the Soviet state would fall to a collective body formed by Trotsky and Stalin
the comrades expressed differences on economy and internationalisation of the revolution
Stalin eliminated them and established himself as the sole leader
the USSR began a totalitarian phase
Stalinism
Totalitarian phase: Stalinism
Trotsky defended the expansion of the revolution
expelled from the Soviet Union in 1929
assassinated in 1940 by a Soviet agent
Stalin
imposed his vision of socialism on a single country
normalised diplomatic relations with capitalist countries
The USSR joined the League of Nations in 1934
Comintern
the Third International
To reinforce his foreign policy
he tried to control communist parties around the world
Founded in 1919 to coordinate communist organisations
later used to serve Stalin’s interests
goal
not to support the revolution, but to ensure the security of the Soviet state
1930s
Stalinist purges
waves of political terror
people placed under inspection and arrested
interned in forced labour camps
gulags
massive political trials were held
Millions of people were victimised, imprisoned, deported or executed
Economy
the Soviet state took control of the economy
He decreed the end of the New Economic Policy
replacing it with economic planning and centralisation
five-year plans
aim
making the country self-sufficient from an industrial and military point of view
successful USSR electrification project
boosted the development of heavy industry, basic equipment and infrastructure
included
collectivisation of agriculture
forced expropriations to create collective farms
kolkhoz
state farms
sovkhoz
many kulaks were driven from their properties or deported en masse
those who resisted were executed
accelerated economic growth
brought industrial renewal
it failed in agriculture and caused famines
it paralleled the Great Depression in capitalist countries
social rejection
due to
the repression
Citizens did not benefit from industrialisation in their daily lives
heavy industry and arms were prioritised, not consumer goods
the low standard of living
Garazi García Antruejo
