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Rate of Reactions and Equilibrium - Coggle Diagram
Rate of Reactions and Equilibrium
Exothermic Reactions
Energy is released to the surroundings.
The enthalpy of the products is lowers than the reactants.
The reaction mixture becomes hotter and transfers heat to the surroundings.
Endothermic Reactions
Energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
The enthalpy of the products is greater than the reactants.
The reaction mixture becomes colder and takes heat from the surroundings.
Enthalpy - the stored chemical energy OR the heat content of a substance. Denoted by the symbol H.
The breaking of chemical bonds absorb energy, and the forming of chemical bonds release energy.
Chemical reactions involve the breaking and making of chemical bonds.
Energy Profile Diagrams
Negative enthalpy means heat is released, positive enthalpy means that energy is gained.
Energy changes associated with physical change are much smaller than for chemical change.
The Collision Theory
In order for a reaction to occur, reactants must collide with sufficient energy and orientation to break and creat bonds.
Activation energy is the minimum energy that is required for a collision to result in a reaction.
Reaction Rates
The reaction rate is a measure of the speed at which reactants are consumed and products are produced.
This can be affected by; the nature of the reactants (The bonds that are broken or formed), the concentration of the reactants (or partial pressure), the state of subdivision of the reactants (the surface area of the reactants), the temperature of the reaction, and catalysts.
A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by providing an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy without being permanently consumed in the reaction.
An open chemical system allows matter and energy to be exchanged with the surroundings.
A closed chemical system only allows energy to be exchanged with the surroundings.
Reversible reactions are indicated with a double arrow.
If the activation energy for either the forward or reverse reactions are high, then it is unlikely to be reversible.
Endothermic reactions cannot have a low Ea
Chemical equilibrium is always dynamic, there is always reactions still occurring, but at equal rates.
