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Moral development - Coggle Diagram
Moral development
Eisenberg
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2015
Hedonic moral reasoning has a period of increase and then decrease over late adolescence. Females reach complex moral reasoning earlier. This could be due to physiological and social learning factors.
Child centered, emotionally available parenting is positively associated with sympathy and prosocial behaviour
Taylor, Eisenberg and Spinrad (2015)
Self-regulation (RSA) parenting and behavioural control might be associated with prosocial behaviours.
192 US based young children, longitudinal. Found a mediation relationship. parenting directly associates with child's effortful control and that was directly associated with prosocial behaviour.
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Piaget
Invariant stages, Cognitive development and social experiences underpin the growth of moral reasoning.
3 stages, 1.Pre-moral, 2.Heteronomous, 3. Autonomous
Pre-moral First five years, little respect for socially defined rules.
Heteronomous- 1st stage where the children view the rules of authority figures as sacred and unalterable.
Autonomous- Children 10-11 realise that rules are arbitrary agreements that can be challenged and changed with the consent of the people who govern.
Good in a way as we see it make the claim that moral development happens alongside cognitive development. It does underestimate the ability of pre-school children. It also claims that our moral reasoning stops at 10 or 11.
Kohlberg
Supporting evidence from Coby et al (1983) Studied the same group of Ps in a longitudinal and found that the moral stages do form an invariant sequence.
But it was specific to a certain culture, young children are underestimated as no study on children under 10. The higher stages are associated with level of education. We also see that Gilligan (1993) suggests that moral reasoning in women might be different.
Freud
Stressed the importance of the affective component, emphasized moral affect.
Children internalise the moral standards of the same sex parent in the phallic stage so a complex can be resolved.