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ROUTING, NON-ROUTABLE ADDRESS SPACE, IANA (INTERNET ASSIGNEED NUMBERS…

- - - - When the router receives an incoming packet, it examines the destination IP address and determines which network it belongs to.
    - - IP address of the next router that should receive data
    - - Routers try to pick the shortest possible path at all times to ensure timely delivery of data. But the shortest possible path to a destination network is something that could change over time
        
        So that when it receives updated information from neighboring routers, it will know if it currently knows about the best path, or if they knew better path is available.
    - - router also has to know which of its interfaces it should forward traffic, matching the destination network out of.
- - - - Used by routers to share information within a single autonomous system
        
        A connection of networks that all fall under the control of a single operator
      - Link State Routing Protocols
        
        Each router advertises the state of the link of each of its interfaces. These interfaces could be other routers or there could be direct connections to networks.
        
        The information about each router is propagated to every other router on the autonomous system.(MESH). Every router knows about every other router in the system
        
        Each router then uses this larger set of information and runs complicated algorithms against it to determine what the best path to any destination network might be.
        :unlock:Requires large memory and much more processing power
        
        OSPF OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST
      - Distance - Vector Protocols
        
        A list of distances is send to networks under the distance vector protocol.
        
        With a distance vector protocol, routers don't really know that much about the total state of an autonomous system. They just have some information about their immediate neighbors.
        
        A router might be slow to react to a change in the network away from it
        
        RIP : Routing Information Protocol
        
        EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway routing protocol**
    - - Used to share information between independent autonomous systems
      - Exterior gateway protocols are used to communicate data between routers representing the edges of an autonomous system
      - BGP BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL
        
        In terms of exterior gateway protocols, there is only one in use today. The entire Internet needs to agree on how to exchange this sort of information, so a single standard has emerged. This standard is known as BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol