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Transmission Media - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The signals do not have boundary limitations and are transmitted in every direction. Users with a capable device can connect to the network anywhere, anytime.
    - - Radio Waves are low frequency signals and can travel a long distance.
        
        As it is a low frequency signal, it can penetrate the building or any obstacle easily.
        
        Thus, it is usually used to send radio signals.
    - - Microwaves are transmitted in a straight line, and hence it requires line of sight transmission.
      - The distance covered by microwave depend on the height of the sender and receiver's antenna. Taller is the height of the antenna, longer is the distance covered.
      - As these are high frequency waves, they are usually used by mobile phones, televisions, etc.
    - - The Infrared Waves are of even higher frequency than Microwaves, thus it cannot easily penetrate any obstacle.
      - They are used by remote of televisions and more.
  - - - However, a physical conductor has limitations such as Length of the Conductor, Installation Cost and Maintenance.
        
        Each conductor is produced up to a certain length, and it is not certain that a single length conductor would connect sender and receiver at once. We may require repeater to cover the area between sender and receiver.
        
        Other limitations include Installation Cost and Maintenance which are issues of Guided Transmission Media.
    - - Two insulated copper wires twisted around eachother.
      - Compared to other guided media, the twisted pair cable has low bandwidth and provide less protection from interference.
    - - An insulated copper wire encased with a metallic blade which acts as a second conductor completing the circuit and providing protection against noise. It is further encased with an insulating material.
      - Carries signal of higher frequency.
    - - Fiber made up of glass or plastic.
      - Signal is transmitted in the form of light.
      - Noise resistant, has less signal attenuation, and has a higher bandwidth.
      - Comparatively, it is expensive and requires installation and maintenance charge.
      - Fragile due to being made up of glass.