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how can social psychology explain abu ghraib torture and prisoner abuses? …
how can social psychology explain abu ghraib torture and prisoner abuses?
AO1
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
CATEGORISATION: 2 groups - ingroup favouritism and negative outgroup bias
IDENTIFICATION: detainees viewed themselves as inferior. US military and uniform, identity to fulfil same with detainees and their uniform or sometimes lack of it
them and us - in and out groups: US military and detainees
COMPARISON- comparing yourself to the other group can boost self esteem. military put down detainees to feel superior
DEHUMANISATION- detainees not viewed as human, treated like animals, stripped naked and on leashes
DEINDIVIDUATION- US military, all same uniform and orders, group solidarity - 'favour of anonymity'
AGENCY THEORY
MORAL STRAIN- joe dalby- shifted into autonomous state, whistleblower
LYNNDIE ENGLAND- felt no moral strain, took photos by tortured bodies with her thumbs up. arguably in autonomous state due to creativity when it came to abuse, free will evident?
US MILITARY- agentic state, told to prepare detainees for interrogation by a superior officer
IRAQI DETAINNES- perceived US military as authority in prison situation thus they have given up free will- agentic state
SOCIAL IMPACT THEORY
STRENGTH: US military- dominant force, running the prison, invaded country, uniform and weapons
IMMEDIACY: US military often close to detainees
SOURCES: US military, TARGETS: detainees
NUMBER: despite detainees outnumbering military, abuse was usually to a single detainee or a small group
RCT
war between USA and IRAQ, conflict over intelligence/ info
ZIMBARDO
SITUATIONAL- is it the situation? bad barrel
SYSTEMIC- political and economic- ethos and belief- propaganda
DISPOSITIONAL- bad apples and good apples. the personality, lynndie england and joe dalby