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designing fieldwork (chp 3.1) - Coggle Diagram
designing fieldwork (chp 3.1)
fieldwork
systematic approach to investigate geographical phenomena and their related issue
5 stages
craft research qns or hypothesis
collection of data
analysis of data
presentation of findings
conclusion and evaluation
how may a research qns or hypothesis be crafted
involves:
identifying a topic or thesis from credible sources like new articles, tb and websites
crafting
research qns
: qns that outlines a specific scope for investigation related to the topic
often used where little research exists or the relationships between the variables are certain
inquisitive in nature
many possible conclusions may be formed at the end of the investigation
hypothesis
: measurable statement consisting 2 or more variables
often used when large body of research on the topic is available and relationships between the variables are quite certain
predictive in nature
definite conclusion is formed at the end of the investigation
types of data
data must be collected to ans research qns or test hypothesis
before collecting, there is a need to decide on the type
types of data
: both primary and secondary data can be collected and used as evidence
primary data
are data collected first-hand
e.g. photos and sketches, responses from closed-ended questionnaire surveys
secondary data
: data collected by someone else
e.g. books and newspaper articles, journals and maps produced by other authors
data can be
classified
into:
quantitative
data is data that can be quantified and measured
e.g. responses from mcq survey
qualitative
data is data that are not easily measurable and are subjective in nature
e.g. responses from open-ended qns in semi-structured interviews
sequencing the data collection
if both type of data are required, must decide sequence
quantitative first:
quantitative are collected to identify patterns and trends
qualitative are then collected to examine patterns and trends observed
qualitative first:
collected to make observations
then quantitative to verify observations
limitations to be considered when designing fieldwork
need to determine scope of investigation
scope can be adjusted based on research aims, study area, sample size and timeframe
need to consider existing limitations like available resources when determining scope
e.g it's impractical to collect all residents' views and is more manageable if the study area is restricted
limitations:
amount of data to be collected
when I can conduct fieldwork and how much time I have to do so
access to places
how easily can I get required equipment
how many ppl are involved in the investigation
risks at fieldwork
important to consider potential risks in fieldwork to avoid harming ourselves, others and nature
falls, cuts, minor injuries
can be prevented by wearing proper footwear and clothing and take note of potential hazards (e.g. uneven surfaces)
traffic accidents, collisions with cyclists
students to take note of local traffic hazards and road crossing procedures, and avoid collecting data on roads or in paths of cyclists