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May 24/25, 2023: ROME - KINGDOM AND REPUBLIC (2 CLASSES) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - very difficult to pass/climb
- - - - sunny, mild
  - - - capitoline hill (one of the famous hills
      - paletine hill
    - - not good to be in the coast
        
        can be ambushed
  - - - virgil lived in 1st century AD
        
        was asked to write a story about how great romans are
      - aeneas; soldier from troy
        
        trojans lost the war (trojan war)
        
        takes his own family and other people, and escapes from burning troy
        
        may be an allusion about saving troy and finding elsewhere to settle
        
        "father of romans"
        
        started rome
        
        romam empire started in the 1st century AD (?)
        
        also a character mentioned in homer's illiad
      - "official story"
      - virgil says that romans are descendants of the trojans
    - - mother was a virgin
        
        rhea: mother of romulus and remus
        
        was supposed to be virgin; but was raped by god named mars
        
        mars is the god of war
        
        then goes to "father" and confessed that she's not a virgin anymore
        
        "father" kicked her out, and mother had to leave children
        
        the twins were nursed by a she-wolf
        
        2 more items...
      - rome used to be a small town/community
        
        one of the ways to show dedication to their religion, is by having women to be virgins
    - - created farming villages
  - - - greeks settled in farming villages in southern villages
        
        introduced grape and olive farming
        
        romans learned that from the greeks
        
        passed greek alphabet to romans
        
        romans modeled their buildings, sculptures, and literature after reeks
      - etruscans settled in north of rome
        
        took control of rome
        
        taught romans to build with bricks
        
        drained water from marshes
        
        laid out city streets
        
        built temples
        
        clothing-wearing short cloaks and togas
        
        etruscan army served as a model for the roman army
        
        gladiatorlal battles
        
        ruled by nobles that grew wealthy from trade and mining
        
        etruscans are gone now
- - - - 7 Etruscan kings
        
        not including romulus himself
      - last king - tarqurius
        
        drived the last king away - for assaulting one of the nobleman's daughter
  - - - year 27 - empire comes back(?)
      - got ideas from greece
        
        greece got ideas from mesopotamia and egypt
        
        information and knowledge is being perserved and passed down - we're all connected, in a way
  - - - 27 BCE - 486 AD
        
        rome collapsed
        
        between 486 AD and 330 AD, there were 2 Romes
    - - authoritarian
        
        lasted around 400 -something years
  - - - spoke greek
      - today; called istanbul
        
        turkish: big city
    - - Roma Nova - new rome
      - 1453 AD: different culture comes in
        
        constantinople sacked(?)
        
        reinessance in italy: 1500's
        
        then to netherlands, france, and england, spain
        
        fell to turkish people
- - - - for ex; businesses
  - - - comes from "patri" - father
      - "fathers of rome"
        
        10 tribes
        
        each tribe would take 50 people
        
        so 500 patricians
        
        council of 500
      - minority - upperclass
    - - "common people"
        
        farmers, tradespeople, craftsmen, etc
        
        majority of the population
  - - - 12 tables - law of rome
        
        law says that everyone is under equal protection
        
        patricians and plebeians cannot marry
        
        totally separate classes
        
        deformed infants must be killed, females must have a guardian, no gatherings at night
      - later, plebeians were given government positions
        
        tribune of the plebs
        
        10 tribune of the plebs
        
        each of the tribunes could veto
        
        could say no to a law if they wanted to
        
        veto: latin word for "I forbid"
        
        was difficult to bring up courage to veto
        
        needed some respect within the government as well - to be heard
  - - - senator for life
      - not all were equally powerful
      - were allowed to have their own businesses
      - every year, 2 consuls were selected
        
        consuls are like the presidents
        
        senates vote for a consul
      - senate: "old man"
        
        "senile"
      - under the senates were the "assembly of people" or "people's assembly"
        
        1000's of ppl there
        
        coming up with new laws
        
        after creation, needs to go through senates for approval or denial
    - - one month at a time - holding power one month at a time
    - - did not need to hold pascies
      - dictators make the decisions
      - can only become a dictator for 6 months
        
        if holding power for more than 6 months, it means civil war
  - - - allowed states to run themselves
    - - accomplished soliders
      - brilliant strategis, could move quickly = conquer
        
        continued expansion of rome
    - - created political institutions in response to problems
- - - - controls policies and advises consuls
  - - - president is the chief executive of the government
    - - elected by people
        
        makes laws, advises president
    - - hear civil and criminal cases
      - supreme court of 9 justices