changes in the 21st century have increased the complexity of global migration
economic globalisation leading to the emergence of new source areas and host destinations
inter-regional migration
highly skilled workers from China. India. Brazil and USA
the UAE has attracted people from India, Egypt etc as they have an ease of returning remittances, high wages and lts of labour jobs
intra-regional migration:
rapid increase in international migrant stock among ASEAN member states
fast growing economies of singapore, thailand and malayasia are the destinations and Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia are the sources
most migrants are low skilled, many undocumented sand seeking higher wages
high concentration of young workers and female migrants
main reasons for international migration by the younger elements of the labour force is economic - greater employment opportunities, higher wages and the possibility of remittance
demand for workers in the oil-producing countries of the middle east such as UAE
in 2019 51% of all migrants in developed countries were female in developing countries the figure was 43%
destinations for women migrants were UK, USA, Canada etc where there is less discrimination
women have greater independence, freedom and increasing importance as main income earners
in 2013 there were 101 countries in which the female international migrant stock was greater than that of men
flows in south-south corridors now equal in magnitude to those in south-north corridors
UN statistics for 2013 show that South to South international migrant stock now outnumbers that of the south-north flows
evidence of this is that two-thirds of migrant remittances were sent between south-south countries in 2013
Bangladesh-India corridor which has the world's third largest bilateral flow of 3.3 million migrants
reasons for South-south flows -
restrictive barriers for migrants from the south attempting to enter the north, so in response redirect their migration to another south country
number of fast-growing economies in the South which offer employment opportunities and are increasingly accessible
improved communications so more aware of opportunities in the south
Burkina Faso to Ivory Coast
landlocked low income country with GDP of US$820 per head. bordered to the south by Ivory Coast (largest cocoa exporter)
2018 there were 243,776 Ivorians living in Burkina Faso after having escaped conflict in Ivory Coast
also 927,756 million born in Burkina Faso living in Ivory Coast
movement is explained by
employment opportunities and higher wages in Ivory Coasts Cocoa and coffee plantations
opportunities for migrant farmers in more fertile lands of Ivory Coast