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GREEK - Coggle Diagram
GREEK
THE ANCESTORS
OF THE GREEK CIVILISATION
Hellas
the
geographical area of Ancient Greece
East of the Mediterranean Sea
The Ionian Sea
The Aegean Sea
Mountainous
Narrow valleys surrounded by steep mountains
It difficult to communicate by land or form large kingdoms
They preferred to
travel by sea
Independent
city-states
Hellenes
PRE-HELLENIC CULTURES
The Minoan civilisation
(2600 BC - the end of the 15th century BC)
The island of Crete
Disappeared due
Natural catastrophes
The arrival of the Achaean people
Maritime location
Thalassocracy
establish political and economic control of the sea
The palace
was the centre of power
Knossos
The walls were decorated with frescos
The Mycenaean civilisation
(1600 BC and 1150 BC)
The
Achaean people
The Peloponnese Peninsula
Small kingdoms
Kings
+ small group of very powerful warriors below them.
A lot of power
Grave goods, full of jewels and weapons
Lived in
palaces
protected by
cyclopean walls
(large size of the stones )
Mycenae
The Dark Age
(After the fall of the Mycenae)
Period of crisis
Polis
The city-state
Independent
Own government, currency and army
STRUCTURE
Walled fortresses built high up in the hills
Within the walled enclosure
Houses
Around the acropolis
The Acropolis
The most important buildings
The Agora
A dependent territory that surrounded it
Used for agriculture
PERIODS
Archaic Period
(8th century BC)
Hellenic expansion throughout the Mediterranean Sea
GREEK COLONISATION
CAUSES
Agricultural resources limited
owned by the military aristocracy
Shortage of agricultural products
Population growth
The unequal distribution of resources
Social instability
They founded
colonias
to promote trade
independent polis
of the city of origin or metropolis
(only maintained commercial and cultural contact )
Preserved
The Hellenic language,
Culture
Religion
Established relationships with the cultures of the territories where they settled.
CONSEQUENCES
Greek city-states became
the greatest maritime powers in the Mediterranean Sea
until the 6th century BC.
Hellenisation
Greek culture spread throughout the Mediterranean Sea
the Magna Graecia area
Increase in trade
new products and goods
system of government
the aristocracy
it´s a government made up of a small group of nobles and landowers
The Classical Period
(5th century BC and the first half of the 4th century BC)
THE SPLENDOUR OF GREECE
Hellenic victory over the Persians
High point of the Greek city-states
Athens
its maritime supremacy at two notable battles in Marathon and Salamis in the Medical Wars
use of warships
three rows of oars: triremes
the most prosperous city in Hellas
its naval superiority helped develop maritime trade
controlled
the Delian League
an alliance of Greek cities
system of government
democracy
Basis: the participation of citizens in the government of the polis
It´s a political system in which citizens are involved in making decisions
only a minority were considered citizens
excluded
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Citizens had political rights and duties
Institutions
The assembly of citizens
Every citizen had the right to speak and vote here the proposals for laws and political decisions presented by Council of 500
Council of 500 or Boule
(appointed by a lottery)
wrote laws and prepared policies which were debate in the assembly
magistrates (anually elected)
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Peoples´s court
(participated voluntarily)
it´s the place where citizens were judged
No judges, lawyers or civil servants
Pericles
(461 BC-429BC)
Strengthened democracy
Brought Athens to its maximum splendour
promote culture an art
the 5th century BC: "The century of Pericles"
SPARTA
After the Greek victory had become a military power
Athens was its rival
for the hegemony of Greece
warlike confrontation
It led a group of cities
The Peloponnesian War
(431 BC and 404 BC)
the end of the hegemony of Athens
Sparta soon had to give way to leadership
Thebes
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weakened all Greek cities
social and political decline
Economy was based on agriculture
The land belonged to the state
The state distributed plots to the citizens
the citizens gave these plots to slaves (helots) to work them
Its citizens were free and had rights
they were soldiers
lived in harsh conditions
resided in military quarters from childhood
Physical fitness
was very important to them
they had to be prepared for battle at all times
System of government
diarchy
two kings from the aristocracy
control power through a council of elders
ephorate
Medical Wars
(the Greeks confronted the Persians: Medes )
2º 480 BC - 479 BC
1º 490 BC
Athens and Sparta united
to resist the attack by the Persian Empire.