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An introduction to energy, enzymes and metabolism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Gibbs Free energy (G)= amount of energy available to do work
        
        If free energy is negative, process is exergonic and spontaneous delta G<0, energy released
        
        free energy positive, process is endergonic and not spontaneous, delta G>0, additional energy required to drive reaction.
      - Total energy (H)= G+ TS
      - Spontaneous reactions: occurs without input of additional energy, not fast, can be slow
  - - - Lower activation energy
        
        Positioning reactants together to facilitate binding
        
        Changing local environment by direct participation through temporary bonding
        
        Straining bonds in reactants to make it easier to achieve transition state
    - - lock and key metaphor
      - Induced fit phenomenon
      - Enzymes have high specificity for their substrate
    - - Saturation: nearly all active sites are occupied
      - Michaelis constant Km
        
        Substrate conc. where velocity is half max value. High Km enzyme needs higher substrate conc.
    - - Competitive: molecule binds to active site, inhibits substrate from binding, high Km more substrate needed
      - Non competitive: lowers Vmax without affecting Km, inhibitor binds to allosteric site, not active site
    - - Cofactor- inorganic ion that temporarily binds to enzyme
      - Coenzyme- organic molecule that participate in reaction but does not undergo change
      - Prosthetic- small molecules permanently attached to enzyme