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value of shame (emotion) / face () in different religious cultures, value…
value of shame (emotion) / face () in different religious cultures
face
Schwartz, Shalom H et al. (2012) University of Zurich
Refining the theory of basic individual values
face
motivational continuum
self-protection, anxiety-avoidance
personal focus
conservation, self-enhancement
security, power
conceptual definitions in terms of motivational goals
security and power through maintaining one's public image and avoiding humiliation
definition components - face: status & prestige
questions
it is important to him that no one should ever shame him
protecting his public image is important to him
he wants people always to treat him with respect and dignitiy
WVS (world values survey)
ever felt upset because sb criticized you
2
similar (1/4 yes) except buddhist - lot of "not asked"
important in a job: a respected job
1-4
hindu: more than half yes
buddhist: more than 3/4 not mentioned
muslim/ roman catholic: almost half( slightly more not mentioned)
one of the main goals in life has been to make my parent proud
3-7
make effort to live up to what my friends expect
3-5
choice (1-7)
aims of country
aims of respondent
most important
justifiable: failing to report damage you've done accidentally to a parked vehicle
2
Schwartz: it is important to this person living in secure surroundings (security-personal)
5-6
yes: lot in taoist, muslim, ancestral worship tradition
no: lot in hindu, buddhist, roman catholic (relativley. catholic also has a lot of yes)
Schwartz: it is important to this person to be rich (-power-resources)
5-6
yes: lot in muslim, hindu, ancestral worship tradition
no: lot in roman catholic, taoist, buddhist
Schwartz: It is important to this person being very successful (-ahcievement)
religious cultures
protestant
catholic
orthodox christian
muslims
jews
hindus
buddhists
other eastern religions (Taoism, Confucianism)
other: folk, spiritualists
religiousness & prejudice
Kollar, Rachel and Fleischmann, Fenella. (2022) Review of Religious Research
Does Religions Foster Prejudice Among Adherents of All World Religions? A Comparison Across Religions
monotheistic vs non-monotheistic
inter-religious prejudice
theological exclusivism
religious attitudes / orientations (how believe) are more important to understand prejudice than religious traditions/ religiosity (what & how strongly believe)
exclusivism: more consistently negatively related to prejudice (?)
exclusivism moderated the relation with religious identity for Orthodox Christians & Buddhists (?)
intro (2/17)
growing in religious diversity -> prejudice along inter-religious divides: increasingly problmeatic
religiousness-prejudice: has been long topic of interest
mjr research done: western, christianity - what about non-monotheistic religinons? (mono-exclusivisit theologically)
scant research on non-monotheistic religiousness &-prejudice
universal phenomonon?
target of prejudice: focus on religious others
summary question
theory and hypotheses (4.5/17)
religiousness and prejudice
theological exclusivism
conceptualising religiousness
differences in theological exclucivism across religions
method (3/17)
data and participants
measures
depndent variables
prejudice - mistrust
indepndent variables
religiousness
belief
identity
practice
moderators
theological exclusivism
religious affiliation
control variables
gender
income
method of analysis
results (4/17)
hyp2
group differences
discussion (2.5/17)
conclusion (0.5/17)
value of shame (emotion) / face () in different religious cultures
intro
mjr research done: other parts of value - prejudice & religion
shame/face & religion
ruth benedict
korea & japan
Harmony, Hierarchy and Conservatism: a cross-cultural comparison of confucian values in china, korea, japan, and taiwan
value of face - also same phenomenon?
summary q
main
theory and hypotheses
Schwartz's value
face
Sznyer, Daniel et al., 2018. PNAS
cross-cultural invariances in the architecture of shame
religious identity & shame
method
WVS
Ronald F. inglehart?
Wave 5 (2005-2009)
Wave 2 (1990-1994)
religion
questionnaires
results
group differences in the relation between religiousness, exclusivism, and mistrust towards religious others
muslim-hindu-ancestral worship tradition-taoist vs else (buddhist, roman catholic)
섞여있음
conclusion
discussion
conclusion