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Unit 4. Security Strategy - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It is any resource used by the researcher to approach the phenomena and extract information from them.
        
        Within each instrument, two aspects can be distinguished:
        
        The form:
        
        Refers to the techniques we use for the task of approaching reality (observation, interview).
        
        Content:
        
        Is expressed in the specification of the data we need to obtain. It takes the form of a series of items that are nothing more than the indicators that allow the variables to be measured, but which now take the form of questions, points to be observed, elements to be recorded, etc.
        
        The instrument itself synthesizes all the previous research work: it summarizes the contributions of the theoretical framework by selecting data that correspond to the indicators and, therefore, to the variables and concepts used; but it also synthesizes the specific design chosen for the work.
        
        By means of an adequate construction of the collection instruments, the research achieves the necessary correspondence between theory and facts.
  - - - The data collected will not satisfy the initial questions;
      - It will not be possible to obtain the data we need,
      - The data will be misrepresented or distorted.
  - - - It is very useful and advisable in exploratory studies when dealing with realities that are little known to the researcher. It is also often used in the initial - approximate - phases of research of any nature, resorting to key informants who may be experts on the subject under study, formal or informal leaders, prominent personalities or any person who has information for the research.
    - - It is developed on the basis of a fixed list of questions whose order and wording remains invariable. They are commonly administered to a large number of respondents for subsequent statistical treatment.
      - Among its main advantages, we can mention
        
        Their speed and the fact that they can be carried out by people with medium training, which results in their low cost. Another advantage is the possibility of mathematical processing.
      - Their main disadvantage lies in the fact that they greatly reduce the field of information, limiting the data to those that arise from an exhaustive list of questions.
      - This list of questions, which is the concrete collection instrument used in this case, is called a questionnaire and can be administered without necessarily involving an interview. It should be carefully drafted, avoiding questions that are too general, confusing or have a double meaning, and trying to keep the order as natural as possible.
  - - - It is an indispensable instrument for carrying out formalized interviews, but it can be used independently of these. In this case, the questionnaire will be given to the person consulted so that he/she can write down the answers himself/herself.
        
        The development of the questionnaire requires prior knowledge of the phenomenon to be investigated. Similarly, the researcher's experience is essential for the construction of questionnaires, which must be adapted to the researcher's needs and to the characteristics of the community in which the research is carried out.
  - - - The main advantage of content analysis is that it has a clear and perfectly accessible empirical basis, so that a text can be analyzed with less subjectivity than by other means.
        
        The specific steps involved in performing a content analysis are as follows:
        
        After defining the variables involved in the problem, it is necessary to find verbal or graphic indicators for these variables that can be found in the documents under investigation.
        
        It is necessary to make a survey of the documents relevant to the investigation. If a large number of units are detected, a sample should be taken.
        
        A brief review of the content of the materials should be carried out. The objective is to find the specific aspects that can be identified with the variables and indicators already defined.
        
        Some researchers also conduct a qualitative content analysis. In essence, it consists of establishing categories of study, in order to determine the most salient points of the document. The categories will depend on the document being analyzed. For example: political approaches, types of propaganda, contradictions found in the document, etc. Other categories that are frequently used are those that refer to the intensity of a certain attitude, i.e., they refer to how strongly or weakly personal reactions are manifested.
- - - - • Inventory
      - • Visit planning
      - • Parts of work
      - • Pending cost control
      - • Control of costs incurred
      - • Historical archives
  - - - Computerization will allow:
        
        Establish uniform maintenance criteria.
        
        To control the execution of maintenance.
        
        Check the suitability of constructive, technical or material solutions.
        
        Control the intervention of third parties
        
        Control corrective maintenance.
  - - - Maintenance should also incorporate replacements. The maintenance study must include the replacement phases and must establish, within the preventive maintenance, temporary goals for the replacement of materials, a final time of life of the hotel and regulate the actions so that this hotel, at the end of this estimated cycle, is in conditions of use, to be able to find in other cycles of maintenance and replacement. It is therefore imminent from the first phase to solve the various problems of aging of the hotel.
        
        Going deeper into this aspect, the lack of correction, the lack of maintenance of some part of the hotel or of some installation, not only costs more for the replacement of the part that has been damaged, but often leads to much more serious damage to the rest of the hotel.
- - - - There is a series of classifications that are not presented here for reasons of space, but they refer to criteria of: incorporation, modernity, environment, suitability, etc.
  - - - Hardware:
        
        It is the technology incorporated in machines.
      - Software:
        
        It is the non-incorporated technology and is presented through magazines, books, manuals, videos, computer programs.
      - Humanware:
        
        It is embodied in people, who have a "know how".
      - Close to this classification are the concepts of hard technologies, i.e. those related to the physical processes of production. Soft technologies, on the other hand, are associated with organizational and management processes.
  - - - Technology monitoring, analysis and foresight.
      - Technology development planning.
      - Design of technological development strategies.
      - Negotiation, acquisition and contracting of technologies.
      - Selection and training of advisors and technology operators.
      - Provision and evaluation of technical information.
  - - - Innovation can be in products and processes. We speak of minor innovation when there are improvements or small increments. It is major or radical when there are changes or qualitative leaps that merit patenting. The complete innovation cycle can have the following elements:
        
        Detection of the need or opportunity.
        
        Idea generation.
        
        Evaluation and approval of the project.
        
        Solution of the problem through I + D.
        
        Development of the prototype.
        
        Scaling and commercial development.
        
        Use, dissemination and/or commercialization of the technology.
- - - - Highly trained personnel.
        
        Sufficient resources.
        
        Ability to establish a repair plan and priorities.
        
        Ability and authority to do material planning.