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CHAPTER 7: WORK MEASUREMENT - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 7: WORK MEASUREMENT
DEFINITION
Estimating the amount of human effort needed to produce a unit of a specified output form an operation.
The amount of time that is usually taken by a well trained worker, operating under normal working conditions, to produce one unit of the output is referred to as work standard.
IMPORTANCE
Manpower planning
Estimating productions costs
Production planning and scheduling
Basis for incentives
Training of employees
Methods
Historical experience
Work standard is estimated based on historical experience. For example how many labor hours are required to do a job the last time it was performed. Available from employee time care or production record.
Predetermined time and motion studies
Involves apportioning a particular task into smaller basic elements that already have established times. The time factor for each basic element is added up.
Work sampling
A statistical technique for determining the percentage of time spent by employees on various work activities. Random observations are used to record activities that an employee performs.
Synthesis
A technique focusing on building up the job's time at a defined level of performance by totaling element times obtained previously from time studies on other jobs containing the elements concerned or from synthetic data.
Time study
Involves recording the time required by a worker to complete a task, taking into consideration the necessary allowances, and the estimating the total time required to do the job.
Method
Observed time
It is time in which an operator is being observed, usually using a stopwatch, while a job is being performed.
Basic (normal) time
It is the time that a qualified workers takes to complete a job at a normal work pace working conditions.
Standard time
The time that a qualified worker takes to complete a task, taking into consideration some allowances.
ALLOWANCES
DEFINITION
Giving employees break times (extra time) to attend to personal needs, such as a lunch break or tea or coffee break, with the purpose of overcoming tiredness or fatigue
TYPES OF ALLOWANCES
RELAXATION
CONTIGENCY
PROCESS
POLICY