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Chapter 4 General Features of Cells, categories - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4 General Features of Cells
Prokaryotes
Simple cell structure
No nucleus
Bacteria
Small cells, 1 μm – 10 μm in diameter
Very abundant in environment and our bodies
Vast majority are not harmful to humans
Some species cause disease
Archaea
Also small cells, 1 μm – 10 μm in diameter
Less common
Often found in extreme environments
Eukaryotes
More complex cells
DNA enclosed within membrane-bound nucleus
Internal membranes form organelles
Organelles
Membrane-bound compartments
Each has a unique structure and function
Variety
Shape, size, and organization of cells vary considerably
Differences between species
Differences between specialized cell types
Animal cell
Nuclear envelope:
Nucleolus:
Nucleus
Lysosome
Nuclear pore:
Ribosome:
Centrosome
Golgi apparatus:
Peroxisome
Cytosol:
Cytoskeleton
Plasma membrane:
Mitochondrion:
Chromatin:
Smooth ER:
Rough ER:
Plant cell
Rough ER:
Smooth ER:
Ribosome
Plasma membrane:
Nuclear pore:
Nucleus:
Nucleolus
Cell wall:
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus:
Peroxisome:
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Chromatin
Cytosol:
Types of Cytoskeletal Filaments Found in Eukaryotic Cells
Microtubules
Hollow tubule composed of the protein
tubulin
Actin filaments
Two intertwined strands composed of the
protein actin
Intermediate filaments
Can be composed of different proteins
including keratin, lamin, and others that form twisted filaments
Protein Sorting to Organelles
Cotranslational sorting
For ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane, and secreted proteins
Begins in cytosol during translation
Begins in cytosol during translation
Post-translational sorting
Most proteins for nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes
Synthesized in cytosol and sorted later
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