Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
LANDFORMS + LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS 1.1.3 - Coggle Diagram
LANDFORMS + LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS
1.1.3
ENERGY
LOW ENERGY COASTS
waves are not powerful
rate of deposition = higher than erosion
beaches and spits
example: EAST ENGLAND - dominant winds more significant (coming from north) - small fetch (destructive waves)
HIGH ENERGY COASTS
waves are powerful
rate of erosion = higher than deposition
headlands, cliffs, wave-cut platforms
controlled by climate and direction
high average wind speeds
example: WEST COAST UK - large fetch (atlantic ocean) - prevailing winds from south west
EROSIONAL LANDFORMS
cliffs + wave cut platforms
headlands + bays
discordant coastline
caves, arches, stacks, stumps
chalk = hard - glacial till = soft
geos and blowholes
caves
cracks in more resistant rock - crack erodes further
joints in cave roof = blowhole
CASE STUDY - HOLDERNESS COAST
erodes quickly
geology
boulder clay - susceptible to erosion - east coast erodes quickly (2m/year)
fetch
winds from NE - small fetch
stlantic current adds energy to north sea - destructive waves at Holderness
low pressure - strong winds and waves
sea floor is deep - waves dont lose energy before hitting coast
longshore drift
clay particles easily transported to sea - not accumilated as beach sand - never enough sand to stop waves
sand that is produced is taken southwards by LSD - cliffs poorly protected
IMPACTS OF EROSION
ECONOMIC
tourism drops
money spent on coastal management
farmland lost
SOCIAL
villages lost - homes + businesses lost
tourism facilities close down - settlements unable to maintain good population
properties under threat of erosion lose value
ENVIRONMENTAL
SPURN POINT - wildlife losing diversity - environment can't support species due to lack of sediment
CASE STUDY - MAPPLETON
groynes - boulders (absorb energy) - vegetation
DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS
beach cusp
offshore bars
sand deposited beyond shoreline
sand budget determines how many
negative feedback
drift aligned beaches
LSD - spits
bar
ridge that blocks off a bay
spit extends across whole bay
tombolo
bar that links mainland to island - LSD
cuspate forelend
triangular series of ridges - LSD from opposite directions
COASTAL TRANSPORT
traction
saltation
suspension
solution
FLOCCULATION
mouth of rivers where fresh water meets sea water
salt containing electrolytes mixes with fresh - encourages deposition
ions join together, become compounds, particles become bigger and sink
SEDIMENT SORTING
large particles at steep gradient - top of beach (high energy waves reach the back)
sand on flat gradients, bottom closer to sea (low energy waves)