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Acids and Bases - Coggle Diagram
Acids and Bases
Acids
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The hydrogen ions that are produced when an acid is ionised in water are what give the acid its acidic properties.
Properties of acids
General properties
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In the aqueous state, acids have free-moving ions to act as mobile charge carriers to conduct electricity.
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Strength of acids
Weak acids
A weak acid ionises PARTIALLY in water to produce hydrogen ions.
Examples: Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
Strong acids
A strong acid ionises COMPLETELY in water to produce hydrogen ions.
Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO3), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Definition: The strength of an acid is a measure of the extent to which the acid ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions.
Basicity of acids
Definition: The basicity of an acid is the maximum number of hydrogen ions that can be formed when a molecule of the acid ionises in water.
Note: The basicity of an acid is NOT representative of its strength! (eg. Phosphoric acid is a tribasic acid, but it is a weak acid as it does not necessarily ionise to produce all three hydrogen ions at the same time)
Monobasic: provides 1 hydrogen ion per molecule of acid
Dibasic: provides 2 hydrogen ions per molecule of acid
Tribasic: provides 3 hydrogen ions per acid molecule
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Bases
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Properties of alkalis
General properties
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In the aqueous form, alkalis have free-moving ions that act as mobile charge carriers to conduct electricity.
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Strength of alkalis
Definition: The strength of an alkali is a measure of the extent to which the alkali ionises in water to produce hydroxide ions.
Weak alkali
A weak alkali ionises PARTIALLY in water to produce hydroxide ions.
Examples of weak alkalis: Ammonia
Strong alkali
A strong alkali ionises COMPLETELY in water to produce hydroxide ions.
Examples of strong alkalis: Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide
Oxides
Metallic oxides
Basic oxides
Basic oxides react with only acids to produce salt and water.
Examples of basic oxides: CaO, MgO, NaO (anything that is not an amphoteric oxide)
Amphoteric oxides
Amphoteric oxides react with both acids and alkalis to produce salt and water.
Examples of amphoteric oxides: Al2O3, ZnO, PbO
Non-metallic oxides
Neutral oxides
Neutral oxides do not react with either acids or alkalis to produce salt and water.
Examples of neutral oxides: CO, NO, H2O
Acidic oxides
Acidic oxides react with only alkalis to produce salt and water.
Examples of acidic oxides: SO2, CO2, P2O5, NO2
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