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CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL LANDFORMS 1.1.6 - Coggle Diagram
CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL LANDFORMS
1.1.6
BEACHES
depositional
plan = birds eye view, width changes, can vary due to LSD
profile = cross section, gradient, ridges, sloping beach = long tidal range
swash aligned = waves break parallel, low LSD
drift aligned = LSD occurs, open system
STORM BEACH
shingle and pebble
steep gradient
high energy waves
large size sediment particles - gives ridges durability
SPITS
long annor beach joined to land at one end only
occurs when there is a change in direction of coastline - low energy + deposition occurs
salt marsh forms behind spit - vegetation - traps sediment - creates more land
HOOK
wave refraction
longshore current enters deeper water at end of spit
waves refract - takes sediment with it - landform curves
depositional
BARS AND TOMBOLOS
BAR = deposits of sand parallel to shoreline
ONSHORE BAR = develop if spit grows across bay until reaches the other side
OFFSHORE BAR = long sediment ridge offshore underwater - protects coast from high energy waves - can reduce erosion - part of negative feedback
FORMATION
changing sea level - deposited by melting glaciers - rolled toawrds land as sea level rose
deposition occurs at wave breakpoint
TOMBOLO = bar/spit connects island to mainland - example: LLANDUDNO, WALES - GREAT ORME
CUSPATE FORELAND
depositional
triangular shaped growth attached to mainland
example: DUNGENESS FORELAND, KENT COAST
FORMATION
LSD from 2 different directions
merging of spits
TRANSPORT PROCESSES
occurs when there is sufficient energy
when velocity goes below threshold value - motion ceases - deposition
SOLUTION
SUSPENSION
SALTATION
TRACTION
LONGSHORE MOVEMENT
lateral movement of sediment along a beach
(know how it works)
PROCESSES OF DEPOSITION
SEDIMENT SORTING
large objects - upper section of the beach - carried by high energy waves
small/fine sediment - bottom of beach near shoreline - carried by low energy waves - further reduced in size by attrition
FLOCCULATION
mixing of salt and fresh water
chemical process - clay and salt binding together
ions join to create compounds - become larger and heavier - sink - deposition