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Volcanoes - Coggle Diagram
Volcanoes
Monitoring/ prediction
Issues:
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Locals may be in a denial of the eruption, or believe it won't affect them.
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People continue to build settlements next to volcanoes because of increasing populations and economic benefits of fertile soil and tourism.
Ground deformation - measuring the swell of the ground as magma rises - however somewhat ineffective.
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Causes of Volcanoes
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Hot spots
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Balsaltic, low viscosity lava.
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mitigation
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Controlled explosions on the side of a volcano can divert lava flows to a different side of a volcano, reducing the impact to a certain area.
Hazards
Priamry hazards
Pyroclastic flows - a fast-moving current of hot gas and rock (tephra), which can move up to 700 km/ph, over 800 degrees.
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Tephra - Volcanic material ejected from the eruption, volcanic bombs etc.
Lava flows - really hot molten rock erupted from fissures and craters --> destroys anything in its path.
Volcanic gases, such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Very poisonous to people.
Secondary Hazards
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Acid rain - rain mixed with toxic compounds, like hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid etc. can damage water sources, kill fish and destroy plants.
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Case studys
Mt. Nyiragongo
City of Goam, The Democratic Republic of Congo - LIC
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