Unit 1 Humanaties
Enlightenment
The Causes of the French Revolution
The Estate System, absolutism, Enlightenment ideas, food shortages, and the American Revolution. The Estate System placed people into groups based on birth and was known as the Ancien Regime.
Where: Europe
Napolean Bonaparte
When: mid-late 1600--late 1700
Who were famous thinkers of the enlightenment: John Locke, Adam Smith, David Hume, Immanuel Kant
What was the enlightenment: a time when scientific method and reasoning rose above christianity as tools of understanding the world and bringing innovation
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military general who rose to power during the French Revolution. He staged a coup in 1799 and became the leader of France, establishing the Consulate. He later crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804. Napoleon expanded French territories through military conquests, implementing a series of reforms known as the Napoleonic Code. His reign came to an end in 1814 when he was defeated and exiled to the island of Elba. He briefly returned to power in 1815 but was ultimately defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died in 1821.
Before enlightenment, religious (christianity) and political (monarch) absolutes
In the enlightenment, people started thinking about Justice, Government, Rights, freedom and liberty in a different more critical way. It also introduced economical ideas.
Most of their works were banned for being too radical
France's Economic State
France faced a mounting economic crisis. A rapidly growing population had outpaced the food supply. And also because they were supporting the American Revolution since the British were enemies with France
Those ideas were: Liberty, Freedom, Limited government and Seperation of church & state
Simon Bolivar and The revolution of Latin america
Brazilian Revolution
Colonial pact was a set of rules between a Métropili and the settlers which were intended to get hold of riches
Simon Bolivar was a Venezualan that made alliences with foreign powers, and started many revolutions by attacking the spanish (that controlled latin america) which started many battles and liberated many countries.
Inconfidência Mineira: Elite revolt against Portuguese rule in Minas Gerais due to dissatisfaction with fiscal policy.
Portuguese royal family arrives in Brazil (1807) as a refuge from Napoleon's invasion threat, ensuring Portugal's independence.
Brazil's independence: September 7, 1822. Cry of independence at Ipiranga River, São Paulo, led by Pedro de Alcântara (future D. Pedro I).
He helped Venezuela, Bolivia and Columbia
Haitian Revolution
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Haitian Revolution
1492 Christopher Columbus lands in the island of espanola, which was once populated by the Taino people, but when they settled they brutaly died by disease, slavery and massacre. The island was filled with gold, but once they collected it all they returned to there home. But in late 17th century France officialy laid claim to the western third of the island, which was called Saint Domingue. They found loads of valuables in the island like coffe, indigo and sugar. France established large plantations and imported tens of thousands of slaves from West Africa. After a while the population of the island was 550,000 people, 500,000 of them slaves, and many of them died through disease like the yellow fever or died from torture. But after a while in 1791-1804 slaves, fueled by the idea of the French Revolution the Haitian revolution began when slaves of mixed races rise up and they became one of the largest and most successful slave rebelions in history. But in January 1, 1804 Haitian wins its indepence becoming the first nation founded by former slaves. Fearing of slave revolts USA pursue a policy of isolation towards Haitian, but in 1862, USA officialy recognizes Haitian soverengt during there own struggles.
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