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Social Impact of Media - Coggle Diagram
Social Impact of Media
Cinema
1930s
-saw magazines become dedicated to film reviews, the lives of stars and Hollywood
1940s
-growth of consumerism
-adverts encouraged audiences to purchase the styles/objects the celebs displayed
WW2 impact
-furious isolationists in congress initiated a senate commission to investigate whether Hollywood films promoted US entry into the war
-After Pearl Harbour Hollywood focused on films that would boost morale and increase national unity
-focused on heroism and victorious
-Office of War Information ensured nothing implying criticism of the US society was shown
-govt believed that movies could inspires patriotism (devotion to the country)
1917-1920s
-after WW1 cinema had a boom
-celebs became an obsession, reminded people that the American Dream was alive and well
-allowed the poor to believe that they could gain fame/fortune as a movie star
-movies shaped viewpoints about poverty, labour and gender
-1920s, mainly the upper/middle-class went to the movies
-movies were seen to be corrupting younger americans e.g. flapper films showed economically independent women
-celebs influenced peoples desires e.g. Clara Bow influenced women hairstyles
Hollywood and Communism
-During the 1st Red Scare, Hollywood produced anti-communist films
-communists portrayed as negatively
1950s
-WW2 ended recently, suburbia was evolving, the Hollywood system was collapsing
-TV overtook cinema and became the most popular form of entertainment
-studios had great power over stars and their furture
-due to the 2nd Red Scare, black writers, producers and stars rarely worked again
Radio
1920s
-as the GD hit, radios were cheap and effective method of escapism
1930s
-variety of speakers began to use the radio as a way to communicate ideas
-Father Coughlin had 40 million listeners and showed his criticism for the KKK, his support for FDR and his later criticism of FDR during elections
-FDR used the radio to reassure people during the GD
-FDR used radio to directly interact with the public
-dramas about the issues of housewives motivated women to protest in the 1930s
-FDR realised the political importance of radio
General Impacts on the population
-newspapers had the potential to reach a wide audience, but radio reached almost everyone
-neither literacy or busy schedule impacted people being able to listen to the radio
-brought people together, allowed people to engage with debates/topics
-helped popularise sports such as baseball
1940s
-when FDR began his New Deal campaign, he used the radio to assure people that their deposits would be safe
-FDR explained his policies and had a friendly personality, playing a large role in his re-election
-by 1945, local radio was covering all local elections
Music
Youth and Counterculture
-rock'n'roll had a influence on the social interactions between black and white teenagers
-1969 Woodstock concert in NY, 500,000 young people went,
-Woodstock promoted counterculture beliefs
1945-61 Social Impact
-prior to the 1950s, there was no sharply defined 'teenage music'
-rock'n'roll was popular within the teenage demographic
-teenagers liked rock'n'roll adults did not
-many parents became worried that the black culture was 'contaminating' their children
-Elvis Presley revolutionised popular music
-rock'n'roll contributed to the 1960s youth rebellion
Impact on black population
-jazz post WW1
-jazz musicians were mainly black, giving racists the ammo they needed to criticise the genre
-African American performers were not allowed to wear African clothes or have afros
-rock'n'roll post WW2
-rock'n'roll forced discriminatory labels to sign black artists because the music was profitable and popular
-minorities challenging social, cultural and institutional norms
1920s
-Jazz music increased from 1917
-jazz was found in speakeasies, where jazz musicians were used to attract customers
-influenced the 1920s flappers era by producing the Charleston and new dance techniques
Broadcast News
1950s
-on the spot TV reporting of Little Rock 9, where young black Americans tried to get past violent white mob to get into school, Northern white people were shocked
-southern racism was now recurrent national news
1960s
-broadcasters were increasingly subjective
-My Lai Massacre (Vietnam 1968), TV showed village being shot at, killing hundreds
-the Vietnam coverage exposed Americas actions and turned many against the pres
-media gave hippies coverage out of proportion and convinced Americans to challenge counter culture
-images of ghetto riots and MLK Chicago Campaign helped provoke a white backlash
1940s
-first regularly scheduled TV news broadcasts
-simultaneous between TV and radio
-presenters became seen as teachers and gained a huge amount of trust from views
-producers were subjective of their coverage and therefore shaped opinions
1970s/80s
-Vietnam War, Watergate inspired the expansion of investigative journalism, shaped opinion as it uncovered secrets
-Watergate inspired other journalists to seek another career-making scandal
-female and gay activists were convinced that the lack of media coverage impacted society
-NOW campaigned for more women on TV and contributed to the increasing number of women employed in the news media
TV
1940s
-relflected on ongoing issues within the US at the time
-educated people on racial tolerance
-1948, it was stated that 3/4 of TV owners were spending more evenings at home
-chosing to stay at home rather than go to the movies
-movie industry was in decline
1950s
-TV series became influenced by current events
-Korean War influenced TV programs and contributed to topical discussions, whether the public agreed or disagreed with US intervention
-many sitcoms idealised white middle-class suburban lives and stay at home wives
1960s
-Media coverage of protests and Vietnam War affected public opinion
-coverage of the CRM helped to pass the 1964 CR Act
-black TV stars were rare
-Nixon Interviews exposed Watergate
-Nixon outlined what he did was illegal, the public turned against him and trust for the pres fell
-TV showed how the pres was not untouchable
1970s
-during the 1970s, film and TV offered escapism and exploration of social and political tensions
-TV explored rising violence and racial conflict
-TV reflected change for example, TV networks became more sympathetic towards homosexuality after the gay activism