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Biology paper 1 - Coggle Diagram
Biology paper 1
mitosis
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Process of mitosis:
1: the cell divides
2: DNA replicates itself to form 2 copies of each chromosome
3: Nucleus membrane breaks down - the chromosomes line up straight in the cell
4: One set of cells is pulled to each end of the cel and the nucleus divides.
5: the cytoplasm and cell membrane divides into 2 daughter cells
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thereputic cloning
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techniuque unvolves removing a nucleus from one cell and putting it in a cell without a nucleus which has been removed
clinical issues
- no guarantee that they will be 100% successful
- hard to find suitable donors
- some cells can be mutated, some mutations have the same behaviour as cancer cells
- stem cells which ar contaminated can cause bacterial infection to the patient
ethical issues
- creating embryos for therapy then destroying them?
- some would argue that embryos are living so shouldn't be killed
- patients coul pay lots of money to get false hope and it not work
stem cells
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cell division in plants occurs in the meristem; these can differentiate into any type of plant cell. meristem - close to the root
infection and responce
communicable diseases:
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they can be transferred from one person to another by: direct contact, water, air, unsterilised food.
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Phagocytes take in the pathogens and destroy them, some produce antitoxins released from the pathogens. Antibodies target the pathogens and kill them
plant desieses
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discolouration of the leaves means that the chloroplasts are broken, this will reduce the rate of photosynthesis and stunt the growth of the plant
cloning in plants
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process
1) tissue sample is scraped from the parent plant
2) tissue sample placed in agar containing nutrients and auxins
3) the samples develop into tiny plantlets
4)pantlets planted into compost
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