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HUMAN AND CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF SA - Coggle Diagram

- - - - AD 100s: Indian traders set up trading posts along the Gulf of Thailand -> blend traditions
      - AD 200: establish kingdom of Funan; Funan ppl adopted Hindiusm+centralized government model of India
      - economically+culturally rich, flourished in Mekong Delta+Southern Cambodia (1st-6th centuries CE)
        heavily influenced by Chinese and Indian ideologies
        (located along the India-China trade routes)
      - first major Indianized civilization in mainland SA
      - multicultural+multi-ethnic empire
        cultures: Indian+Chinese+Funan indigenous ppls
        mixed spiritual practices (animism, Hinduism, Buddhism)
      - Legacy: port of Oc Eo (now in VN) ; artifacts from different cultures
    - - Angkor Wat (khmer temple)
      - Origins:
        7th century CE: inhabited along the mekong river
        divided during 8th cent, reunited in early 9th cent
        capital established in Angkor (by king Yasovarman I)
        
        Angkor period (889-1434): golden age of Khmer civilization
      - Hinduism+Buddhism: important religions; largely formed by Indian cultural influences
      - achievement: architecture+sculpture
        construction of Angkor wat (suryavarman II) + Angkor Thom (Jayavarman VII)
      - Knmer power declined since migrated Thai pp invasions. 1434: Thap captured Angkor, capital changed to Phnom Penh => mark the end of the brilliance of Khmer civilization
    - - based on the island of Sumantra, controlled SA seas border (AD 600-1300)
      - ranked among the wealthiest and most splendid trading empires
        controlled the key Melaka Straits
      - Srivijayan capital became an important center of Buddhist learning and thought
      - Chola invasion
        1288: conquered by the Singhasari Kingdom
        1400: erased from map
        decisive factor for the fall: the conversion of the majority of SUmantra and Javanese to Islam
      - legacy: language (most important); artistic inspiration
- - - - varies
    - - now: 1,1% - trending downwards (0.67%)
      - 60s-70s: rapid
    - - political conflicts + government policies + greater economic+educational opportunities
        (The Philippines: from 80% -> 53% live in rural)
      - primate city (Bangkok, Thailand, Jakarta, Indonesia,...)
    - - to US -> lose skilled + educated workers
      - one of the factors that shape the region's population patterns.
  - - - 2500 yrs ago: migrants from western China and eastern Tibet
      - now: many descendants of these ppl on the region
      - Khmers -> cambodia&VN; Mons-> Myanmar; Malays-> Malay Peninsula; some malay groups-> islands of indonesia
    - - Early A.D 100s: Indian merchants introduced Hindu and Buddhist religions+art forms + government (glorified kings as both political&spiritual leader)
      - Chinese traders+soldiers brought Chinese cultures to SA through Vietnam. 1000 yrs of chinese rules: VN adopted Chinese writing system. Cunfician traditions, government.
      - Now: India+Chinese ethnic communities scattered in SA( Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand Vietnam)
        Singapore: 76% population - ethnic Chinese ancestry
    - - AD 800s: Arab+Indian traders (cotton+silk to SA ) + Malay traders:open trade routes linking SA with other parts of Asia
      - 1200s: SAsians convert to islamd
      - Islam: spread from coastal -> interior of Indo islands+Malay Peninsula
      - Today: Muslims - majority of Brunei, Malay, Indo population
    - - 1400s-1500s: European explorers brought new products (chilli peppers) to SA while exporting (nutmeg, cloves, pearls) +cultivating (coffee trees)