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revision YR10 - Coggle Diagram
revision YR10
Every computer in the world has a unique IP address. This IP can be changed be the user or automatically depending on the situation in which it is being used; mobile devices tend to have dynamic IP addressing meaning that it can change.
The current system is known as IPv4. It takes an address that is made up of 4 values up to 255 (8 bits).
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January 1 1983 is considered to be the official birthday of the internet. It was at this point that protocols were established for the communication of data between systems. The protocol that had been developed was the Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol- this is now referred to as TCP/IP. This universal language now allowed networks to talk to each other.
HTML- hypertext markup language. All web pages are based on a version of HTML, it is a standard format for webpages
URI- perhaps more commonly known as URL- Uniform Resource Locator. This is a unique address for each website.
HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This allows for a common way of retrieving information across the web- now succeeded by HTTPS, the S standing for secure as it uses encryption to transfer the data.
DNS and URLs
Websites are stored on webpages that are connected to the internet. Each website has it's own IP address. As we have seen IP address are difficult to remember so web sites are given a domain name or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
When you type in a URL to the address bar this is sent as a request to the a domain name server. This is part of the Domain Name System and it controls how webpages are retrieved.
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If the IP address is not found it is passed up to the next level of Domain Name servers. If the IP address cannot at the top level (.com or co.uk etc) an error is returned to browser.
MAC addressing
Each device that connects to a network has a Network Interface Card (NIC). Each NIC has it's own Media Access Control address (MAC address). This is give to the device by the manufacturer. A MAC address cannot be changed, it is unique to that device.
A MAC address is a 48 bit address written in Hexadecimal. This makes it easier for humans to identify and communicate the devices addressing than a binary value. Each MAC address can identify the manufacturer and then the individual device.
Try finding the MAC addresses on your mobile phone. You will probably find more than one. This is because there is likely to be a WiFi adapter and a Bluetooth adapter and both have different MAC addresses.
The internet started in the 1960s as a way for US government researchers to share information. In the 60s computers were large and immovable and the storage that was used was little better with huge magnetic tapes being used to store data.
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