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1.3 Network - Coggle Diagram
1.3 Network
Topologies
Star
Star topology is a type of network topology in which every device in the network is individually connected to a central node, known as the switch or hub. When represented visually, this topology resembles a star which gives it its name.
Mesh
Mesh topology is a type of network topology in which all devices in the network are interconnected. In a mesh topology, data can be transmitted by routing.
Server
A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer program and its user, also known as the client. In a data center, the physical computer that a server program runs on is also frequently referred to as a server.
Router
A router is a device that provides Wi-Fi and is typically connected to a modem. It sends information from the internet to personal devices like computers, phones, and tablets
Switcher
The main functionality of the device is for selecting between the sources of audio or video, it's sometimes used in mixing video, setting compositions, and adding footage, graphics.
Hub
A network hub is a node that broadcasts data to every computer. A hub is less sophisticated than a switch, the latter of which can isolate data transmissions to specific devices.
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The 4 Layer Model
Application
The application layer sits at Layer 7, the top of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model. It ensures an application can effectively communicate with other applications on different computer systems and networks. The application layer is not an application.
Transport
The transport layer is Layer 4 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model. It is responsible for ensuring that the data packets arrive accurately and reliably between sender and receiver. The transport layer most often uses TCP or User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Internet
The Internet layer, also known as the network layer or IP layer, accepts and delivers packets for the network. This layer includes the powerful Internet Protocol (IP), the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
Network
The network layer has two main functions. One is breaking up segments into network packets, and reassembling the packets on the receiving end. The other is routing packets by discovering the best path across a physical network.
Network Types
Coaxial
In geometry, coaxial means that several three-dimensional linear or planar forms share a common axis. The two-dimensional analog is concentric.
Ethernet
Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). It enables devices to communicate with each other via a protocol, which is a set of rules or common network language.
Wifi
Wi-Fi, often referred to as WiFi, wifi, wi-fi or wi fi, is often thought to be short for Wireless Fidelity and the organization that paid for the marketing firm is sometimes referred to as the Wireless Fidelity Alliance Inc.
Bandwidth
The maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of time. Bandwidth is often mistaken for internet speed when it's actually the volume of information that can be sent over a connection in a measured amount of time – calculated in megabits per second (Mbps).
Other Network Types
WAN
A wide-area network (WAN) is the technology that connects your offices, data centers, cloud applications, and cloud storage together. It is called a wide-area network because it spans beyond a single building or large campus to include multiple locations spread across a specific geographic area, or even the world.
Using a Wide Area network makes it possible for resources to be shared across a large area. These resources might be something like storage and it would enable employees working at different sites to access the same files or programs.
LAN
A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and peripheral devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server within a distinct geographic area.
Local Area networks usually cover a relatively small geographic area. They consist of a single site such as a school or home.
IP
Every computer in the world has a unique IP address. This IP can be changed be the user or automatically depending on the situation in which it is being used; mobile devices tend to have dynamic IP addressing meaning that it can change.
The current system is known as IPv4. It takes an address that is made up of 4 values up to 255 (8 bits).
It is anticipated that we will run out of possible combinations for IPv4 as there may be as many as 30 billion devices in the world. To deal with more devices a new system called IPv6 has been developed.
MAC
A MAC (Media Access Control) address, is a 12-character alphanumeric attribute that is used to identify individual electronic devices on a network. An example of a MAC address is: 00-B0-D0-63-C2-26.
Each device that connects to a network has a Network Interface Card (NIC). Each NIC has it's own Media Access Control address (MAC address). This is give to the device by the manufacturer. A MAC address cannot be changed, it is unique to that device.
A MAC address is a 48 bit address written in Hexadecimal. This makes it easier for humans to identify and communicate the devices addressing than a binary value. Each MAC address can identify the manufacturer and then the individual device.
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Languages
Ciphertext
Ciphertext is encrypted text transformed from plaintext using an encryption algorithm. Ciphertext can't be read until it has been converted into plaintext (decrypted) with a key. The decryption cipher is an algorithm that transforms the ciphertext back into plaintext.
Plaintext
Intelligible data that has meaning and can be read or acted upon without the application of decryption. Also known as cleartext
Domain
Domain Name
A domain name is the address for a website that appears in the browser bar. For example, our domain name is '123-reg.co.uk'.. There are two parts to every domain: the main name (i.e. '123-reg') and the extension (i.e. '.co.uk').
DNS
The domain name system (DNS) is a naming database in which internet domain names are located and translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses..
Encryption
Encryption is a process stat is designed to protect data from being hacked or accessed illegally. When data is transmitted over the internet it can become vulnerable to hackers and therefore it is important that data is kept safe.
Encryption does not prevent hacking but it does make the data unreadable unless the person receiving the information has the correct tools to decode it.
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Peer 2 Peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a decentralized communications model in which each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session
Email Protocols
The common protocols for email delivery are Post Office Protocol (POP), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Each of these protocols has a standard methodology to deal with the emails and also has defined functions.
Web Protocols
There are three main types of network protocols. These include network management protocols, network communication protocols and network security protocols: Communication protocols include basic data communication tools like TCP/IP and HTTP.8 Aug 2022
Switching
Circuit Switching
Circuit switching is a type of network configuration in which a physical path is obtained and dedicated to a single connection between two endpoints in the network for the duration of a dedicated connection. Ordinary voice phone service uses circuit switching. This reserved circuit is used for the duration of a call.
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