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Networks - Coggle Diagram
Networks
Protocols
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A protocol is a set of rules that governs transmission of data. 
Topologies
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A network's topology is the arrangement, or pattern, in which all nodes on a network are connected together. There are several common topologies that are in use, but today the most common topologies are: bus topologies. star topologies.
Connection Media
Co- axial
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It has a higher bandwidth than Ethernet cable and can allow for greater distances to be travelled before being boosted.
Fibre Optic
This is becoming the preferred method of data transfer using broadband. It is still fairly uncommon in the home as Optical Network Interface Cards are very expensive. Fibre optics makes use of pulses of light to transfer the data.
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Domain Name System
Websites are stored on webpages that are connected to the internet. Each website has it's own IP address. As we have seen IP address are difficult to remember so web sites are given a domain name or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
When you type in a URL to the address bar this is sent as a request to the a domain name server. This is part of the Domain Name System and it controls how webpages are retrieved.
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Client-Server Networks
A client-server network is a form of internet network that consists of a single central computer functioning as a server and directing several other computers, referred to as clients. Clients can access shared files and information kept on the serving machine by connecting to the server.
Peer to Peer Networks
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a communications model in which each computing device on the network can function as either a server or a client.
Application Layers
Layers -->
Application layer - applications such as web browsers and email programs operate at this layer. Protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, IMAP and FTP operate at this layer.
Transport layer - this breaks down the message into small chunks (packets). Each packet is given a packet number and the total number of packets.
Network layer - this adds the sender’s and recipient’s IP addresses to the packet, and packages the data to make it ready for transmission.
Data link layer - the network interface card/controller and operating system drivers are at this layer.
Layering allows standards to be developed, but also to be adapted to new hardware and software over time. For example, different software packages - applications - may use the same transport, network and link layers but have their own application layer.
Network Hardware
Too create a network certain pieces of hardware are required for the devices to be connected and for these to be able to access the internet.
Router
A router is the device that we may most often recognise as most people have broadband. As mentioned before it is the connection between a Local Area Network and a Wide Area Network and is often has other components built into it.
Hub
You will have come across the term hub when we looked at network topologies. It is often used as part of a star network. A hub acts as a point that can connect all devices on a network together
Wireless Access Points (WAP)
Provides a means to allow Wireless devices to access a network. The wireless access points themselves are physically attached by cables to the network.
Network Interface Card
All devices that connect to a network require a Network Interface Card (NIC). The NIC stores the information that identifies an individual device on a network, the MAC address. Each has its own Mac address.
Switch
As described above a switch performs a similar role as a hub. However switches tend to be more expensive as they perform an additional task.