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"Do all substances dissolve?" DECONSTRUCT Ayaka OHARA - Coggle…
"Do all substances dissolve?"
DECONSTRUCT
Ayaka OHARA
“What substances are dissolvable?”
Polar and non polar substances are dissolvable together, however they must create a homogenous mixture of polar and polar or non-polar and non-polar. If they are not homogenous for instance polar and non-polar the substances will not be able to dissolve.
Solvent
A solvent is something that has the ability to dissolve in other substances.
Water
Ethanol
Methanol
Acetone
Solute
A solute is the minor components of a solution that is dissolved in a solvent.
Liquid solutes
Acetic acid
Gaseous solutes
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Solid solutes
Salt
Sugar
“What factors influence dissolving substances?”
Polarity
A polar solute will dissolve in a polar solvent whereas a non-polar solvent will dissolve in a non-polar solvent. If they are opposite polarities they will not dissolve.
Molecular size
Solubility decreases as the molecular size increases.
Pressure
As pressure increases in the gas, the collision frequency will also increase, causing the solubility to go up. As the pressure decreases the solubility will also go down.
Temperature
Increasing temperature, therefore, decreases the solubility of the solute
Variables
CV (controlled variables)
Measurements
Same amount of solute
Same amount of water in each experiment
Amount of time given to conduct the experiment
Same temperature (if the temperature is not used as the independent variable)
UCV (uncontrollable variables)
Change in pH due to absorption of atmospheric CO2
Situational variables
IV (independent variable)
Polarity
Temperature
Pressure
DV (dependent variable)
Time take to dissolve (quantitative)
Amount of dissolved substance (concentration)(qualitative observation)
“What does dissolve mean?”
The process when a solute is a gaseous, liquid, or solid phase dissolves in a solvent to create a solution.
Chemistry background
"Like dissolves like"
Polar dissolves polar
Non-polar dissolves non-polar
Non-polar solute and polar solvent/Polar solute and non-polar solvent
Non-polar substances cannot dissolve in Polar solvents due to the strength of the polar bonds being stronger. Therefore not allowing the non-polar particles to disperse and separate the bonds between water molecules (polar). Making them immiscible.
Non-polar solutes in non-polar solvents
Similar to polar solutions, the solvent molecules surround the solute molecules, although the attraction behind it is known as London dispersion forces (LDFs), instead of hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole interactions.
Polar solutes in polar solvents
In polar solutions made up of polar solutes and polar solvents the charges on both the solutes and solvent particles ensure that the solute is dissolved, because the polar solvent molecules surrounds the solute particles separate them from one another.
Polarity
Non-polar
If they do not have opposite charges on a molecule they are known as non-polar. Non
A non-polar molecule is a molecule that does not have any opposite charges. The molecule will not have any charges that are present at the ends, as the electrons are finely distributed and therefore symmetrically cancel out each other are non-polar molecules.
Polar
When a molecule has different charges on different ends they are known as polar. Such as if a molecule has a positive and a negative end they are called polar. Things that are polar has the ability to attract and repel one another (opposite charges attract, similar charges repel.)
Risk assessment
Emergency procedures
Inform a teacher if there is an accident
Do not walk around whilst conducting an experiment
Do not run
List of risks
Do not ingest the substances
Can cause irritation to the eyes
Glassware: beakers glass rods
Spills across the working areas
Precautions
Wear safety gear
Keep a safe distance
Inform a teacher straight away if there is an accident
"What are substances?"
A substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition.