Factors that influence temperature and rainfall
Height above sea level (altitude)
Distance from the equator
Mountains/slopes
Distance from the sea
temperatures are higher closer to the equator
the further away a part of land is from the sun the colder that place will be which means it will have a different climate than places close to the sun
angle of the noon sun in the tropics
sun's heat is absorbed slower and released slower by water than land
this means places near the sea have cooler summers and warmer summers. This is because the sea keeps its warmth longer than land in winter
This means heat from the Earths surface is quickly lost which means the temperature will be lower
In the desert it is very hot because of the lack of water vapour in the atmosphere. This means the Earths surface will be very hot during the day
The air is less dense at high altitudes and also contains less watere vapour dust and pollution
At night the heat escapes quickly make the desert very cold at night
The sun always faces North which means slopes facing North will always be warmer than slopes facing South
Forests are usually found on South facing slopes. On these slopes less evaporation happens which means trees can get more moisture and nutrients out of the ground.
North facing slopes are usually grasslands
Mountains force condensation to happen because when most air rises over mountains it cools and rains.
Air on the other side of the mountain won't be forced to rise which means it will not rain causing a rain shadow
CURRENTS
warm and cold currents can affect temperatures of land if the wind blows from the sea to the land
warm water has little effect on tropical areas as they are already warm
Cold currents have less effect as they mostly lie off shore.