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NETWORK LAYER, IPv4 DATAGRAM, ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL, NOTE, NETWORK…
NETWORK LAYER
IP V4 ADDRESSING
- 4 OCTETS(32 BITS)
- 8 BITS of data or a single octet can represent all decimal numbers from 0 - 255
- Dotted Decimal Notation
IP Addresses belong to networks, not to the devices attached to those networks.
Most common version of IP is IPv4
IP addresses can be split into two sections
- :star: Network Id
- :star: Host Id
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On many modern networks, you can connect a new device and an IP Address will be assigned to it automatically through a technology known as DHCP(DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL).
- An IP Address assigned this way is known as Dynamic IP Address. The opposite of this is static IP Address, which must be configured on a node manually.
NOTE :warning:Usually
- Static IP Addresses: Reserved for servers and network devices.
- Dynamic IP Addresses: Reserved for clients
IPv4 DATAGRAM
IDENTIFICATION FIELD
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If the total amount of data that needs to be sent is larger than what can fit in a single data gram the IP layer needs to split this data up into many individual packets. When this happens, the identification field is used so that the receiving end understands that every packet with the same value in that field is part of the same transmission.
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FLAG FIELD
Used to indicate if a datagram is allowed to be fragmented or to indicate that the datagram has already been fragmented
Fragmentation is the process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams.
SERVICE TYPE FIELD
1 BYTE
It is used to specify details about quality of service , or QOS Technologies
- There are services that allow routers to make decisions about which IP datagram may be more important than others.
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Header CheckSum Field
A checksum of the contents of the entire IP datagram header
:star: TTL field will get updated after every hop so the checksum will also be changed after every hop
Optional Field
An optional field is used to set special characteristics for datagrams primarily used for testing purposes
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Maximum size of a IP datagram is the largest number you can represent with 16 bits -> 65, 535
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NOTE
IBM owns all the IP ADDRESSES having 9 as the value of the first octet in the IP address
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In practical this class system is being replaced by a system known as CIDR(Classless Inter Domain Routing)
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