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THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY AND THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM, NICO URRUTIA -…
THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY AND THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
Eroding factors in parliamentary democracies in the 1920s
Crisis of the capitalist system
Post-war difficulties in Europe (1919-1923)
Recession starting in 1929
Contrasting impact on the Soviet Union due to a different economic system
Strengthening of trade unions and communist parties
Influence of Soviet prestige
Unemployment and misery caused by the capitalist crisis
Political instability driven by workers' demands
Common characteristics of totalitarian regimes
Dictatorship and absence of individual freedoms and information
Exaltation of the dictator and a personality cult
All-embracing state with control over citizens' lives
Official state ideology
Single mass party representing the official ideology
Repression of dissenting ideas or activities
System of terror and violence, supported by a powerful political police force
How countries responded
Great Britain's preservation of democracy
Overcoming economic problems through strong political institutions
France's response with the Popular Front
Formation of a leftist unity government
Objective: Contain the rise of the extreme right
NICO URRUTIA
Shift in support towards dictatorial models
Fear of the Soviet example among the wealthy and middle classes
Rejection of workers' organizations
Predominance of dictatorships over democracies by the end of the 1930s
