Gender is a biological dimension of being either male or female. Gender refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female. By the age of three, children can identify their gender. Gender role is a stereotypes given to both genders on how they should look, behave, etc.

Erik Erikson suggests that initiative vs guilt is the psychological stage that characterizes early childhood. At this point, children realize that they are their own person. During these years, children begin to face guilt and too much of it might lower their self esteem. A parents role in their child’s Initivave vs guilt is crucial. The amount of activities parents allow their child to participate in can determine whether the child walk out with more initative or guilt.

Personal Example:
I grew up practicing Islam, some of the moral principles that are enforced and practiced are to be kind, compassionate and just with other people, regardless of race faith or social status. Trust and integrity are also valued,

Personal morality and self-discipline are also strongly enforced, self-harming behaviours like drinking alcohol, doing drugs/getting intoxicated are also forbidden in Islam

Heternomous Morality: Children see moral rules as unchangeable and based on authority figures. They judge actions based on consequences and have a black-and-white view of morality.

Autonomous Morality: Children view moral rules as flexible and based on mutual agreement, considering intentions and having a more nuanced view of morality.

Biology plays a crucial role in sex development.
Females have two X chromosomes.
Males have one X and one Y chromosome.
Males begin to differ when genes on the Y chromosome in the male embryo trigger the development of testes rather than ovaries.
Males develop a high level of androgens, whereas females have a very low level of androgens.
Estrogen and androgen are the two main types of hormones produced by each gender.

Emotion Languages and understanding of emotions One of the earliest ways of communication. Preschoolers start talking about their own emotions and by the age of 2-3 they start to find words to describe their emotions. in preschool they learn about their emotions and causes and consequences of these emotions. At the age of 4-5 they start to understand the circumstances that cause the emotions

Shyness According to a study there are 2 types of shyness. "conflicted Shyness" and "social disinterest" . shyness is more common in boys than girls because of the overprotectiveness of moms over their sons.

Emotion Coaching and Emotion Dismissing Parents Parents play a huge role in helping kids regulate their emotions. According to studies children of Emotion coaching parents tend be better t dealing with their emotion while, other have behavioural issues.

Regulation of emotion and Peer Relations Regulation of emotions play an important role in determining a child's relationships with their peers. Moody and emotionally negative children tend to be experience more rejection from others

Gender depends on cognitive development.
Children develop the concept of gender through the conservation and categorization of skills.
They later conceive themselves as male or female.
Children then begin to choose objects of their sex, and preference starts to kick in again.
Gender-type behaviour only occurs once children develop gender constancy (understanding that sex remains the same even though activities, hairstyles, and clothing may change).

For example, in some cultures, honesty is highly valued and lying is considered morally wrong, while in other cultures, loyalty to family or group is more important than honesty to outsiders

For instance, the moral principles surrounding social issues such as same-sex marriage or gender equality have undergone significant shifts over the past few decades.

During this age, children also develop a sense of self understanding. Children being to understand themselves during the end of their second year of life as we’ll as the beginning of the third year of their life. During this state, children differ themselves from others by pointing out physical attributes like hair colour for example.

When I was a young child, I remember understanding gmyself and discovering my body. Oftentimes, I would compare my height to other people and distinguish myself from them in this way. I also remember comparing the length of my hair to everyone and treating it like a race at times to see how coils grow taller or longer hair. This was the time where I was discovering myself and my attributes mainly focusing on the physical side.

Personal example: I often see children at the mall crying to go in the toys store and they won't stop until the parent goes into the shop and they usually give in and don't say anything to the child this is an example of indulgent parenting.

A restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their direction and to respect work and effort.

The authoritarian parent places places firm limits and controls on the child allows little verbal exchange.

An example of this is a parent might say do it "do it my way or else."

Authoritarian parents often enforce rules rigidly but not example why and show rage toward the child. Children of authoritarian parents often seem unhappy, fearful, anxious about comparing themselves with others, fail to initiate activity, and have weak communication skills.

encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions.

Extensive verbal give-take-and-take is allowed and parents are warm and nurturant toward the child.

An example of authoritative parenting is they would put their arm around the child and will say something like "you know you should have not done that. Let's talk about how you can handle the situation better next time."

Authoritative parents share pleasure and support of children's constructive behaviour. They also expect mature, independent, and age appropriate behaviour of children.

Children who's parents who are authoritative are often cheerful, self-controlled and self reliant, achievement-oriented, maintain friendly relations with peers, cooperate with adults, and cope well with stress.

a style in which parents of the child are very uninvolved in the child's life.

an example of this type of parenting is that this type of parent won't be able to answer a question like "It is 10 pm do you know where your child is?"

A child/children who's parents are neglectful develops the sense that other aspects of their parents life is more important then them.

These children tend to be socially incompetent. Many have poor self control and do not handle independence well. They frequently have low self esteem, are immature, and may be alienated from their family. In adolescence they may show truancy and delinquency.

A style of parenting in which a parent is highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them.

These parents let their kids do what they want. This results in kids never learning to control their own behaviour and always expect to get their way.

Some parents will parent like this on purpose because they believe in the combination of warm involvement and few restraints

Personal example Some kids when they are upset I have seen the express their emotions in words instead of crying they decided to tell you why their upset with words.

A PERSONAL example I can think of is when I was younger I grew up with a primarily male friend group and so my preference towards the toys and objects I preferred changed and when I tried making friends with the same gender of my own, I was met with some odd looks.