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APPROACHES- Wundt, start of psychology as a science - Coggle Diagram
APPROACHES- Wundt, start of psychology as a science
psychology as a science
science= finding out systematically and objectively about the physical and natural world using observation and experimentation
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systematic= working according to a fixed/controlled, standardised plan or system
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empiricism= based on tested experimentation, not theory or logical argument
scientific methadology= systematic observation, measurement and experiment and the formulation, testing and modification of hypothesis
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determinism= dont have a choice over behaviour, it is set from prior conditions
inference= after observing repeated instances of a behaviour to a stimulus making conclusions about the fundamental nature of the mind on the basis of these observations
WUNDT
- he is known as the "father of psychology". he moved the study of the mind from the philosophical roots to controlled empirical scientific research
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- he promoted the use of introspection as a way of studying internal mental processes. Introspection= a process of looking inwards/ self-examination. it is a systematic analysis of own conscious experience of a standard stimulus, reporting present experience
a standard stimulus by wundt was often a metronome. an inward experience was analysed in terms of its components parts, eg. sensations, emotional reaction, mental images etc. thoughts would be broken down into separate elements and the P would be asked to report these
the research was systematic- the same stimulus, physical surroundings and instructions were given to each person and the Ps were highly trained
breaking thoughts about an old object into separate elements was an attempt to uncover the structure of the mind- this approach was called structuralism
evaluating Wundt
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NEGATIVE- work was later critisised by behaviourists who thought internal mental processess couldnt be studied scientifically by introspection so only focused on observable inputs (stimuli) and outputs (behaviour)
NEGATIVE- cognitive psychologists studied internal mental processes but they used experiementation and not introspection