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BIOLOGY IB - Coggle Diagram
BIOLOGY
IB
Human
Physiology
Digestive System
Mouth and Salivary Glands
Esophagus and Peristalsis
Stomach and Gastric Digestion
Small Intestine and Absorption
Large Intestine and Waste Elimination
Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity and Pharynx
Larynx and Vocal Cords
Trachea and Bronchial Tubes
Lungs and Gas Exchange
Diaphragm and Breathing Mechanism
Circulatory System
Heart and Blood Vessels
Blood Composition
Blood Circulation
Cardiovascular Health
Blood Pressure Regulation
Nervous System
Neurons and Nerve Impulses
Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord)
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory Receptors and Sensation
Motor Control and Coordination
Endocrine System
Hormones and Glands
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
Reproductive Hormones
Reproductive System
Male Reproductive Anatomy
Female Reproductive Anatomy
Menstrual Cycle
Fertilization and Embryonic Development
Reproductive Health and Disorders
Molecular
Biology
DNA Structure
and Replication
DNA Double Helix
Nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)
Complementary Base Pairing
DNA Replication Process
DNA Repair Mechanisms
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
RNA Polymerase
mRNA Formation
Promoters and Terminators
Translation
Ribosomes
tRNA and Amino Acids
Codons and Anticodons
Protein Synthesis Process
Gene Expression
and Regulation
Gene Regulation Mechanisms
Transcription Factors
Enhancers and Silencers
Epigenetic Modifications
Post-Transcriptional Modifications
mRNA Processing (splicing, capping, polyadenylation)
mRNA Transport and Stability
Post-Translational Modifications
Protein Folding and Modification
Protein Localization
Protein Degradation
Biotechnology and
Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA Technology
DNA Cloning
Restriction Enzymes
Plasmids and Vectors
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
DNA Sequencing
Genetic Modification of Organisms
Transgenic Organisms
Gene Therapy
GMOs and Ethical Considerations
Genetics
Mendelian Genetics
Gregor Mendel and his Experiments
Mendel's Laws (Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment)
Punnett Squares and Predicting Inheritance
Monohybrid Crosses
Dihybrid Crosses
Genetic Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
Sex-Linked Inheritance
Polygenic Inheritance
Genetic Variation
and Evolution
Sources of Genetic Variation
Mutation
Genetic
Recombination
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Natural Selection and Adaptation
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Human Genetics
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Down Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Genetic Disorders
Cystic Fibrosis
Huntington's Disease
Genetic Testing and Counseling
Pedigree Analysis
Human Genome Project
Ecology
Ecosystems
Abiotic and Biotic Components
Energy Flow
Food Chains
Food Webs
10% LAW
Nutrient Cycling (Biogeochemical Cycles)
Ecological Succession
Ecological Pyramids
Biodiversity
and Conservation
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Loss
Pollution
Climate Change
Conservation Strategies
Protected Areas
Sustainable Resource Management
Population
Ecology
Population Dynamics
Population Growth Models
Exponential Growth
Logistic Growth
Carrying Capacity
Density-Dependent and
Density-Independent Factors
Competition for resources
Food
Water
Nesting sites
Predation
Disease
Parasitism
Consequences
Crowded populations
Competition for limited resources
Reduced reproductive success
Increased mortality rates
Overall population regulation
Density-Independent Factors
Natural disasters (such as
Hurricanes
Floods
Wildfires
Extreme temperature fluctuations
Catastrophic events
Habitat destruction
Consequences
Population size
Population fluctuations
Population crashes.
Severe changes in the environment
Mortality
Reduced reproductive success
Reproductive Strategies
r-selected
K-selected
Human Impact
on the Environment
Pollution
Air
Water
Soil
Climate Change and Global Warming
Deforestation
Overfishing
Invasive Species
Evolution
Natural Selection
Variation in Traits
Selective Pressures
Fitness and Adaptation
Survival of the Fittest
Speciation
Reproductive Isolation
Allopatric Speciation
Sympatric Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Hybridization
Evidence for Evolution
Fossil Record
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Biogeography
Patterns of Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Coevolution
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelles
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Cell Membrane
Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Cell Division Regulation
Membrane Structure
and Transport
Biomolecules
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Enzyme Structure and Function
Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme Regulation
Enzyme Inhibition
Cell Signaling
Signal Transduction Pathways
Hormones and Receptors
Cellular Communication
Cell Energy
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
ATP Production
Cell Differentiation and Specialization
Stem Cells
Tissue Formation
Cell Specialization in Multicellular Organisms
Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors
Causes and Treatment of Cancer
Cellular Transport
Bulk Transport (e.g., phagocytosis, pinocytosis)
Active Transport (e.g., protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)
Passive Transport (e.g., diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
Plant Biology
Plant Structure and Function
Plant Cells and Tissues
Root System and Absorption
Stem Structure and Transport
Leaf Structure and Photosynthesis
Flower Structure and Reproduction
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts and Pigments
Light Dependent Reactions
Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Photosynthetic Adaptations
Plant Reproduction and Growth
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Pollination and Fertilization
Seed Formation and Dispersal
Plant Growth and Development
Hormonal Control in Plants
Biochemistry
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
Proteins
Amino Acids
Protein Structure
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Protein Functions
Enzymes
Catalytic
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Nucleotide Structure
Water
Properties of Water
Polarity
Cohesion
Adhesion
High Specific Heat
Solvent Properties
Role in Biological Systems
Metabolic Processes
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain
ATP Production
Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Production of Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Enzyme Catalysis
Enzyme Structure
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme Kinetics
Activation Energy
Substrate Concentration
pH and Temperature
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Enzyme Regulation
Competitive and Non-competitive Inhibition
Allosteric Regulation
Enzyme Induction and Repression
Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Biomedical Technology
Ethical Considerations
in Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA Technology
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
DNA Sequencing
Gene Cloning
Genetic Modification of Organisms
Biomedical Technology
Medical Imaging Techniques
Biomedical Devices
Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment
Tissue Engineering
Stem Cell Research
Ethical Considerations in Biotechnology
Genetic Privacy and Confidentiality
Bioethics and Human Experimentation
GMO Labeling and Consumer Awareness
Animal Testing and Ethics
Ethical Implications of Biomedical Research
