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BIOLOGY IB, • Cell Cycle, • Biomolecules, • Enzymes, • Cellular Transport,…

- - - - Mendel's Laws (Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment)
      - Punnett Squares and Predicting Inheritance
      - Monohybrid Crosses
      - Dihybrid Crosses
  - - - Mutation
      - Genetic
      - Recombination
  - - - Down Syndrome
      - Klinefelter Syndrome
    - - Cystic Fibrosis
      - Huntington's Disease
- - - - Air
      - Water
      - Soil
- - - - RNA Polymerase
      - mRNA Formation
      - Promoters and Terminators
    - - Ribosomes
      - tRNA and Amino Acids
      - Codons and Anticodons
      - Protein Synthesis Process
  - - - Transcription Factors
      - Enhancers and Silencers
      - Epigenetic Modifications
    - - mRNA Processing (splicing, capping, polyadenylation)
      - mRNA Transport and Stability
    - - Protein Folding and Modification
      - Protein Localization
      - Protein Degradation
  - - - DNA Cloning
      - Restriction Enzymes
      - Plasmids and Vectors
    - - Transgenic Organisms
      - Gene Therapy
      - GMOs and Ethical Considerations
- - - - Plant Cells and Tissues
      - Root System and Absorption
      - Stem Structure and Transport
      - Leaf Structure and Photosynthesis
      - Flower Structure and Reproduction
    - - Chloroplasts and Pigments
      - Light Dependent Reactions
      - Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
      - Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
      - Photosynthetic Adaptations
    - - Reproduction in Flowering Plants
      - Pollination and Fertilization
      - Seed Formation and Dispersal
      - Plant Growth and Development
      - Hormonal Control in Plants
- - - - Food Chains
      - Food Webs
  - - - Habitat Loss
      - Pollution
      - Climate Change
    - - Protected Areas
      - Sustainable Resource Management
  - - - Exponential Growth
      - Logistic Growth
    - - Competition for resources
        
        Food
        
        Water
        
        Nesting sites
        
        Predation
        
        Disease
        
        Parasitism
      - Consequences
        
        Crowded populations
        
        Competition for limited resources
        
        Reduced reproductive success
        
        Increased mortality rates
        
        Overall population regulation
    - - Natural disasters (such as
        
        Hurricanes
        
        Floods
        
        Wildfires
        
        Extreme temperature fluctuations
        
        Catastrophic events
        
        Habitat destruction
      - Consequences
        
        Population size
- - - - Biomolecules
      - Carbohydrates
      - Lipids
      - Proteins
      - Nucleic Acids
      - Water
- - - - Recombinant DNA Technology
        
        PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
        
        DNA Sequencing
      - Gene Cloning
      - Genetic Modification of Organisms
    - - Medical Imaging Techniques
      - Biomedical Devices
      - Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment
      - Tissue Engineering
      - Stem Cell Research
    - - Genetic Privacy and Confidentiality
      - Bioethics and Human Experimentation
      - GMO Labeling and Consumer Awareness
      - Animal Testing and Ethics
      - Ethical Implications of Biomedical Research
- - - - Nucleolus
    - - Mitochondria
      - Endoplasmic reticulum
      - Golgi apparatus
    - - Interphase
      - Mitosis
      - Cytokinesis
      - Cell Division Regulation
    - - Cellular Transport
        
        Passive Transport (e.g., diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
        
        Active Transport (e.g., protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)
        
        Bulk Transport (e.g., phagocytosis, pinocytosis)
      - Biomolecules
        
        Proteins
        
        Carbohydrates
        
        Lipids
        
        Nucleic Acids
      - Enzymes
        
        Enzyme Structure and Function
        
        Enzyme Kinetics
        
        Enzyme Regulation
        
        Enzyme Inhibition
      - Cell Signaling
        
        Signal Transduction Pathways
        
        Hormones and Receptors
        
        Cellular Communication
      - Cell Energy
        
        Cellular Respiration
        
        Photosynthesis
        
        ATP Production
      - Cell Differentiation and Specialization
        
        Stem Cells
        
        Tissue Formation
        
        Cell Specialization in Multicellular Organisms
      - Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer
        
        Cell Cycle Checkpoints
        
        Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors
        
        Causes and Treatment of Cancer