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Female Sex Hormones, Exact mechanism of action in its function as a…
Female Sex Hormones
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Related Drugs
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estrogens, conjugated C.E.S, Premarin
estrogens, esterified Menest
estropipate Ortho-Est, Ogen
Progestins desogestrel Kariva, Cyclessa
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levonorgestrel Mirena, Plan B
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THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS:
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Responsible for the proliferation of the endometrial lining and are known to compete with androgens for receptor sites.
The loss of estrogen is responsible for the signs and symptoms of menopause in the uterus, vagina, breasts, and cervix.
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Transform the proliferative endometrium into a secretory endometrium. They also inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH.
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Exact mechanism of action in its function as a contraceptive is not known but it it thought that circulating progestins and estrogens “trick” the hypothalamus and pituitary and prevent the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), FSH, and LH. Therefore, follicle development and ovulation are prevented
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Have undergone little testing in children. They can cause premature closure of epiphysis so caution is important in growing children.
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Women receiving any of these drugs should receive an annual medical examination, including breast examination and Pap smear, to monitor for adverse effects and underlying medical conditions.
Women taking estrogen should be advised not to smoke because of the increased risk of thrombotic events.
Women who are receiving these drugs for fertility programs should receive a great deal of psychological support and comfort measures to cope with the many adverse effects associated with these drugs. The risk of multiple births should be explained.
Drugs are used in treatment of specific cancers in males and they should be advised about the possibility of estrogenic effects.
Not indicated during pregnancy or lactation because of potential for adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.
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ADVERSE EFFECTS:
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GI: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramp, bloating, colitis, acute pancreatitis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatic adenoma
GU: breakthrough bleeding, menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, changes in libido
Systemic effects: fluid retention, electrolyte disturbances, headache, dizziness, mental changes, weight changes, edema
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Dermal patch contraceptives are associated with same systemic effects, as well as local skin irritation.
Vaginal gel use is associated with headache, nervousness, constipation, breast enlargement, and perineal pain.
Intrauterine systems are associated with abdominal pain, endometriosis, abortion PID, and expulsion of the intrauterine device.
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INTERACTIONS
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Barbiturates, rifampin, tetracyclines, phenytoin: decreased serum estrogen levels
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St. John’s wort: can affect metabolism of estrogens and can make estrogen-containing contraceptives less effective.
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Barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, griseofulvin, penicillin, tetracyclines, rifampin: reduced effectiveness of progestins
St. John’s wort: can affect the metabolism of progestins and can make progestin-containing contraceptives less effective.
INDICATIONS:
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Used for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in small doses when ovarian activity is blocked or absent.
Used as palliation for the discomforts of menopause in the first few years of menopause, when many of the beneficial effects of estrogen are lost.
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Transform the proliferative endometrium into a secretory endometrium. They also inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH.
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Female sex hormones both can be used to replace missing hormones or to decrease the release of endogenous hormones. The female sex hormones include estrogen and progesterone.
It Is An Oral Drug.
Exact mechanism of action in its function as a contraceptive is not known but it it thought that circulating progestins and estrogens “trick” the hypothalamus and pituitary and prevent the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), FSH, and LH. Therefore, follicle development and ovulation are prevented
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