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The immune system, Phagocytes, Natural killer cells, Memory,…
The immune system
Definition
Involves different tissue groups, organ systems and specialized but widely distributed defense cells to help fight infections and defend the body.
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Examples of diseases
Autoimmune diseases
Multiple sclerosis, Type 1 diabetes
Virus
Covid-19, AIDS (human immunedeficiency virus that attacks Helper T), Ebola
Bacteria
Salmonella, Tuberculosis, Food poisoning
Fungi
Orah thrush, vulvovaginitis
Protist
Malaria, African sleeping sickness
Organs involved
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Bone marrow
Sponge-like tissue found inside the bones. Immune system cells are produced and then also multiply here.
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Lymph nodes
Small bean-shaped tissues found along the lymphatic vessels. Trap germs and activate the creation of special antibodies in the blood.
Spleen
Located in the upper abdomen, beneath the diaphragm, and is responsible for different kinds of jobs.
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Phagocytes
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Macrophages
Derived from monocyte white-blood cells that have moved out from blood stream to occupy tissues. Wear class 2 MHC proteins.
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Breaks the pathogen into tons of tiny molecules, groove proteins called Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) on its outer membrane.
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Suppressor/Regulatory
Release inhibiting cytokines to alert other immune cells to stand down once the initial threat has been handled.
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Cytotoxic
Kills infected cells by releasing granzymes that punch holes in the cell's membranes or trigger apoptosis killing both the cell and the content inside it.
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Helper T
Activate cells that can kill, make calls for the whole adaptive immune response by releasing cytokines.
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Group members:
NUR INTAN SOLEHAH BINTI MUHAMMAD FADHIL ONG (S59049)
NOOR ZULAIKHA BINTI MOHAMAD ZULKIFLI (S60200)