The direct and external effects of the project that are commonly considered in an SCBA relate to construction costs, maintenance and administration costs, different types of logistics and transportation benefits, and the impact of the project on mobility and connectivity. The picture is less clear for some other external effects, such as noise pollution, air pollution, and visual intrusion. In quite a few countries, these latter effects are included in SCBA and expressed in monetary values using a suite of valuation techniques. In other cases, separate quantitative or qualitative analyzes are used to assess these effects without monetary valuation.