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Investigations of Renal Disease - Coggle Diagram
Investigations of Renal Disease
Urinalysis
Dipstick
Proteinuria: Look for albumin concentration
Quantify using
24 hour urine collection to measure protien in 24 hour sample
Measure concentration of creatinein and protein,a nd if both are lower urine is dilute, but if both are high, urine is concentrated
Ratio of Protein to creatinine will not change with dilute or concentrated urine
Microscopic
Hematuria
Blood in urine >3 RBCs per high power field
Abnormal shaped cells suggest glomerular bleeding
Red Blood Cell Casts: RBCS that are stuck in distal nephron and are flushed out into urine as RBC casts
WBC Casts
From inflammation of tubules in interstitial nephritis or from kidney infection sucha s pyelonephritis
Pigmented Granular Casts
Seen in 70% of ATN cases
Calcium Oxalate Crystaks
Seen in people even without kidney stone disease
Blood Tests
Serum Creatinine: Limited for GFR Assessment
Radiology
Intravenous Pyelogram
Not used anymore
Ultrasound
Good test for hydronephrosis
CAT Scan
Tests for solid masses
Nuclear Scan
Good Test for symmetry of function of two kidneys
Invasive Radiology
Renal Angiogram
Good for Narrowing of Kidney Blood vessels
Urologic Tests
Cystoscopy
Cystoscope inserted via erethra into bladder to see bladder wall
Retrograde Pyelography
Inject dye into the ureter via cytoscope that is in the bladder and take an xray
Renal Biopsy
Core of kidney tissue taken with percutaneous kidney biopsy
